Materials Literature
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Rapid eutectic growth in a highly undercooled liquid was accomplished by containerlessly processing Co–Mo eutectic alloy in a drop tube. The containerless state during free fall produces substantial undercoolings up to 391 K (0.24TE) in falling droplets before crystallization. The eutectic growth mechanism is found to…
The electronic structure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes aligned perpendicularly on a Si substrate was studied by means of photoelectron spectromicroscopy. The valence band and the C $1s$ spectra, measured systematically from spatially selected regions along the tube axes, were the fingerprint for lateral variations i…
Abstract A novel type of crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane ionomer was prepared by the acetone process. Two new types of sulfonated diols compatible with this process were synthesized from dimethyl 5‐sodium sulfo isophthalate using a one‐ or two‐stage method. Isocyanate‐terminated polyurethane oligomers were prepa…
Abstract Charpy drop‐weight‐impact and essential work of fracture (EWF) characteristics of maleic anhydride (MA)‐compatibilized styrene–ethylene butylene–styrene (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) blends and their composites reinforced with short glass fibers (SGFs) were investigated. MA was grafted to either SEBS copolymer (S…
Synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies were performed on a synthetic layered silicate Fluorohectorite clay. Diffraction patterns along the stacking direction were obtained in surface reflection and bulk transmission geometries on bulk pressed samples under controlled temperature and relative humidity. One-dimensional s…
We introduce a method to investigate the domain stability issue based on piezoresponse microscopy. The switching and back-switching processes of sol–gel derived (Pb0.76Ca0.24)TiO3 thin films were investigated by comparing the local piezoelectric hysteresis loops in continuous mode and pulse mode. It was found that the…
Within the new phenomenological model of antiferroelectric liquid crystals, structures of the two phases, the Sm CFI2* and the Sm CFI1* that appear in the temperature range between the Sm C* and the Sm CA* phase, are found. The structure of the Sm CFI2* and the Sm CFI1* phases is consistent with extensive optical, ele…
The local environment surrounding magnetic impurity atoms and the host crystal structure of codoped TiO2 (TiO2:Co) nanocrystal ferromagnetic semiconductors have been investigated using the x-ray absorption fine structure and powder diffraction techniques. It has been found that the magnetic Co impurity atoms substitut…
Backwards-wave (BW) materials, which have simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, support electromagnetic waves with phase propagation in the direction opposite to power flow. At an interface between BW materials and free space, the normal component of the wave vector changes sign. In the case of an eva…
Abstract The effects of ultrasonic oscillations on the rheological behavior, mechanical properties, and morphology of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/polystyrene (PS) blends were studied. The experimental results show that the die pressure and apparent viscosity of HDPE/PS blends are remarkably reduced in the presenc…
Pulsed laser deposition was used to make a series of Au/Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST)/SrRuO3/MgO thin film capacitors with dielectric thickness ranging from ∼15 nm to ∼1 μm. Surface grain size of the dielectric was monitored as a function of thickness using both atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Gra…
The electronic structure and the properties of superdoped GaN(As):Mn (a concentration of Mn from 1.56% to 12.5%) are studied by using the tight-binding linear-muffin-tin-orbital method. Calculations show that the ferromagnetic state is lower in energy than the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states for both materia…
High-resolution x-ray reflectivity (XR) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) are applied to characterize both the nonuniform depth profile and pore structure of a low-dielectric-constant (low-k) thin film as prepared on a silicon substrate. The XR data show that the density depth profile has a multilayered struct…
Electrochemical oxidation of porous silicon (PSi) produces a surface that is covered with native silicon–hydrogen (Si–Hx) bonds and regions with oxidized Si–Si back-bonds (OSi–Hx). Such anodically oxidized PSi layers were chemically modified using 1-decene under thermal conditions. The hydrosilylation reaction consume…
High-quality epitaxial films of LaCuOS, a wide-gap p-type semiconductor, are grown on yittria-stabilized-zirconia (001) or MgO (001) single-crystal substrates by a unique method. Postannealing of a bilayer film composed of an extremely thin metallic copper layer and an amorphous LaCuOS layer at 1000 °C results in an e…
High dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films were epitaxially grown on (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructural studies by x-ray diffraction, pole figure measurements, and transmission electron microscopy show that the as-grown films are good single crystalline quality with an interfa…
We developed a synthesis method of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), in which an arc discharging was controlled by a magnetic field. Using this method, we can obtain high-purity MWNTs (purity >95%) without purification which disorders walls of MWNTs. The current–voltage measurements show that the carriers w…
We propose a theory for the effective interaction between soft dendritic molecules that is based on the shape of the monomer density profile of the macromolecules at infinite dilutions. By applying Flory-type arguments and making use of the experimentally measured density profiles, we derive a Gaussian effective inter…
The depletion interactions between two colloidal plates or between two colloidal spheres, induced by interacting polymers in a good solvent, are calculated theoretically and by computer simulations. A simple analytical theory is shown to be quantitatively accurate for the case of two plates. A related depletion potent…
The electronic behavior of gold nanoparticles (NPs) of ∼2 nm capped with dendrimer and thiol molecules was studied with Au L3,2-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The results reveal the tunability of the d-electron distribution in the Au NPs by selective capping. That is, that the Au atoms in the NPs g…