Materials Literature
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An ion-exchangeable thin film which has the layered structure of K 4 Nb 6 O 17 was prepared from a suspension of fine particles of K 4 Nb 6 O 17 . The superfine particles which were obtained by wet grinding were coated onto a substrate, and they were calcined between 873 and 1073 K. Crystallization of the fine particl…
Nafion®/SiO2, Nafion®/[ORganically MOdified SILicate (ORMOSIL)] and Nafion®/dimethylsiloxane hybrids were created via in situ sol–gel reactions for tetraethoxysilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, and their mixtures. Differential scanning calorimetry studies showed a broad endotherm for unfilled Nafion®-H+ at Tα ≈ 215°C tha…
Crystallization of sodium acetate trihydrate from water affords hexagonal plates. When crystallized from cyclohexane, a solvent in which this salt is completely insoluble but in which it may be solubilized by macrocyclic crown polyethers, needle-shaped crystals are produced. This habit change is consistent with select…
The possibilities of ‘resistless’ microstructuring of As36·1S63·9 wafers by soft X-ray irradiation and wet alkaline etching have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the influence of the exposure and processing parameters on the depth and acuity of the patterned structures. Structures 1 μm…
Experimental film formation of a rubber-based negative photoresist by spin coating relative to that of a diazoquinone sensitized positive photoresist was investigated. The baked film produced with the negative photoresist is thinner than that produced with the positive photoresist in the first stage of the spinning in…
The low-temperature crystal structure and temperature dependence of lattice parameters and atomic mean-square displacements of thallium nitrite (${\mathrm{TlNO}}_{2})$ and cesium nitrite (${\mathrm{CsNO}}_{2})$ have been determined by neutron powder diffraction. Previously, based on specific heat and dielectric relaxa…
The dielectric stabilization of the field-on states is an important feature for all SSFLC devices using the so-called C2 chevron geometry. This requires a combination of positive dielectric biaxiality and negative dielectric anisotropy. In the present work we use the phenylpyrimidine base mixture M192/62.5 as a non-ch…
The method of molecular layering is used to prepare CdS thin films and CdS/ZnS and CdS/CdSe superlattices. The dependence of the exciton photoluminescence on film thickness is studied, and the role of internal strains is examined. The effect of the excitation intensity on the superlattice photoluminescence spectra is…
A variety of 1: 1 charge-transfer (CT) crystals were prepared by using mainly dinitrobenzoic acids (as the acceptor) and carbazoles (as the donor). Most of the CT crystals prepared from 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (3) and a series of N-alkylcarbazoles (1a−1h) underwent photoredox reactions initiated by the excited nitro g…
Abstract The reaction between hematite and aluminum in presence of allumina as diluent activated by Ball Milling powder mixtures in different energetic conditions has been investigated. To this purpose, the powders at different milling times have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Mössbauer Spectroscopy. A se…
An ultrahigh-vacuum environmental chamber for surface X-ray diffraction on Station 9.4 at the Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, is described. Film growth can be monitored by simultaneously recording the Auger signal and the X-ray intensity at a particular point in reciprocal space. Such in situ measu…
Photovoltaic phenomena in the structures por -Si/ p -Si were investigated by the pulsed photovoltage method in the time interval 100 ns-10 ms using irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses with photon energies 1.4, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.7 eV. The data obtained show that besides the barrier photovoltage, due to the separatio…
The adhesion properties of a thermoplastic olefin elastomer (TPO) after ozone exposure are studied with attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR), the lap shear test, and contact angle measurement. The ozone treatment is applied after the TPO is dip-coated with acrylic acid (AA) that is mixed with benzop…
Threshold photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the formation of a CsAu alloy during deposition of Cs on an Au substrate. It is shown that both the Cs surface layer and the CsAu near-surface alloy undergo indirect photoexcitation. It is found that the formation of a CsAu alloy is accompanied by a sharp rise (by…
Abstract The new compounds K 2 Cu 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 and K 2 Cu 3 (SeO 3 ) 4 were synthesized in the course of low-hydrothermal experiments on natrochalcite-type selenate representatives. The crystal structures were determined by direct methods from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. K 2 Cu 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 : space group Cm…
From adjustment gears for sprinkler systems to surgical scissors, from latchbolts to parking gears, the winners of the Metal Powder Industries Federation's (MPIF) 1998 part-of-the-year design competition represent further market breakthroughs for powder metallurgy (PM). The winning parts show successful conversions fr…
A heterojunction based on semiconductors with a chain crystal structure p -TlSe- p -TlInSe 2 was obtained. Liquid-phase epitaxy from TlSe melt on the natural (110) cleavage surface of a TlInSe 2 crystal was used. The structure obtained is sensitive to light and hard radiation. Some photoelectric properties of the hete…
Abstract The electrical properties of liquid crystal cells were estimated using various kinds of polyimide(PI) films. It is clarified that the PI structures and its layer structures affects electrical properties of LC cells. Based on the result, we developed a new alignment layers that exhibit a high voltage holding r…
Soils in the upland areas of Malaysia are mostly weathered (Ultisols and Oxisols), having high aluminum (Al), but calcium (Ca) and/or magnesium (Mg) deficient. Magnesium limestone is available in large quantities in Malaysia and is frequently being used to alleviate acidity in the upland soils. This study aimed at ass…
Photothermal effects in nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) on a dye-doped polymer film are investigated using a crystal rotation method combined with a pump-probe technique. We consider both the temperature dependence of the refractive indices of the NLCs and reorientation of the NLC molecules due to a temperature rise at…