Materials Literature
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Abstract A new Ni-base alloy with nominal composition of Fe-47Ni-20.5Cr-3Mo-2Cu-3Nb-1.5Ti is developed to provide 125 ksi minimum yield strength and an excellent combination of ductility and impact strength. Testing in various NACE environments has shown that the alloy has excellent stress corrosion and sulfide stress…
Abstract Injection of corrosion inhibitor is one of the acceptable methods to combat internal corrosion of underground petroleum product pipelines. The most preferred method to assess the efficacy of the pipeline corrosion inhibitors is NACE TM 0172 test guidelines. This method simulates pipeline corrosivity situation…
Abstract The resistance to localized corrosion of girth-welded UNS S32750 and UNS S33207 duplex stainless steel umbilical tubes in synthetic seawater at different temperatures was investigated using electrochemical methods, such as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and potentiostatic polarization, and long-ter…
Abstract One of the current and important challenges faced by cathodic protection professionals is to access the corrosion probability of cathodically protected buried pipes subject to alternating current (AC) interference (i.e., AC corrosion). In practice, it is very common for cathodically protected pipes to be buri…
Abstract Concern for the environment has led to legislation that is driving the use of chemicals in the off shore North Sea oil industry. The increased awareness and scrutiny of the impact of chemical discharge on the environment is likely to ensure adoption of these, or similar policies, on a global basis. The need f…
Abstract Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) is a potential threat associated with hydrotesting. It has been established that Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) can utilize hydrocarbons or even live on CO2 – H2 autotrophically. Pitting due to MIC during hydrotesting itself may not be a serious problem, because its…
Abstract The predictions of the so called CO2 or sweet corrosion and the so called H2S or sour corrosion are questions raised and still pending for some 60 years. A reliable prediction actually requires to understand when high or low corrosion rates are encountered in E&P operations (field data), how they can occur (c…
Abstract During hydrotesting, a pipeline may be shut-in for a significant period of time. If unprotected, the pipeline becomes susceptible to corrosion due to bacteria, oxygen, and saline conditions of the hydrotest water, typically obtained from surface waters and seawater. Most notably, indigenous bacterial populati…
Abstract Bongkot is an offshore gas field in the Gulf of Thailand in operation since 1992. The sealines have been subjected to top of line corrosion (TLC) since the production start-up. After detection of the first TLC case in this field in 1999, different possibilities were investigated and implemented to reduce the…
Abstract This paper presents a brief review of major techniques applied in carbon dioxide corrosion testing and monitoring. The focus is on the advantages and disadvantages of variously designed testing apparatus and monitoring devices for localized corrosion detection and assessment. Critical factors affecting the re…
Abstract Significant concerns currently exist regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of steel pipeline and terminal facilities used to handle fuel grade ethanol. Various factors have been associated with ethanol SCC (SCC) of carbon steels and include conditions that promote crack initiation and growth,…
Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) continues to be a major barrier to the safe, reliable transportation of ethanol in underground transmission pipelines. Ongoing research, funded by PRCI and PHMSA, has produced significant progress in reducing this barrier. Because of this research, we are developing a better un…
Abstract Hydro-testing or hydrostatic testing of metallic equipment such as vessels, piping, valves etc. is an important method for quality control of parts, after production and during use. When water is used in these tests, corrosion of the metal, during and after testing is a concern. Vapor-phase corrosion inhibito…
Abstract Crack propagation in the presence of sour gas is the conjunction of electrochemical reactions and metallurgical processes that increase hydrogen absorption at the crack tip and therefore produces embrittlement. To evaluate Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) susceptibility to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) in wet…
Abstract In the early 1980’s, the directional drilling industry relied on nonmagnetic drill collars as an essential tool. These tools frequently failed due to stress corrosion cracking that started on the bore surface. A partial solution was developing mechanical treatments that produce a thick compressive residual st…
Abstract Models for corrosion influenced by iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) in fresh water are specific for material/environment combinations, i.e., 300 series stainless steel exposed to oxygenated chloride-containing potable water and carbon steel exposed in oxygenated fresh water ([Cl−] ≤ 20 ppb) containing dissolved…
Abstract Batch inhibition treatment of oil and gas pipelines is one of the options used to treat top of the line corrosion in CO2/H2S containing wet hydrocarbons. This treatment efficiency largely depends on the inhibitor performance and the treatment frequency. The latter is seldom determined based on the inhibitor f…
Abstract A number of individual products or combination products for hydrostatic test applications are available depending on the conditions of the water and the preference of the operator. These products are most often oxygen scavengers, biocides and corrosion inhibitors. Recent reports have alluded to incompatibles…
Abstract An 18-year-old offshore pipeline system in Nigeria was found to have severe internal corrosion, which was attributed to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC became the predominant factor after the field matured and water cut increased. The inability to pig the majority of the system, the difficul…
Abstract The under-deposit corrosion of 1030 carbon steel in a carbon dioxide environment has been studied using surface characterization and electrochemical techniques. The effect of a sand deposit on the surface morphology has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffracto…