Materials Literature
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This paper presents a metal-insulator-metal capacitor for SoC applications which has the highest capacitance density (up to 12 fF//spl mu/m/sup 2/) ever reported for a device in this field. The simple MIM structure allowed development of the process as a single-mask add-on to conventional Cu BEOL processing.
Abstract Everyday life encounters many materials in transition from liquid to solid, examples are preparing Jello® gelatin or mixing Epoxy glue. This fascinating phenomenon is called gelation and it is caused by the formation of crosslinks between polymer chains. In the above examples, these crosslinks are induced eit…
Abstract When the crosslinking reactions of Chapter 6 are driven far beyond the gel point, nearly all species are attached to the gel in a single macroscopic network polymer. Such networks, with either chemical or strong physical bonds, are important soft solids. If the glass transition and melting temperatures are be…
We use a finite-difference algorithm to simulate the shear flow of nematic liquid crystals based on the Leslie–Ericksen theory, and investigate how unequal elastic constants affect the formation, oscillation, and breakup of roll cells, the nucleation of defects, and the coarsening of texture upon cessation of flow. Wi…
Abstract CO, CO, and C(O)O oxygen‐containing groups were introduced onto the molecular chain of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) through ultraviolet irradiation in air. The introduction rate of the oxygen‐containing groups onto HDPE increased with increasing environmental temperature. After ultraviolet irradiation,…
Intravenously injected polystyrene nanoparticles, which are prone to rapid sequestration by professional phagocytes, are converted to stealth entities by prior bolus intravenous injection of poloxamine 908. This behaviour is not due to alteration in macrophage phagocytic activity. Laser Doppler anemometry and surface…
${\mathrm{AlH}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{6}$ are very stable molecules with high ionization potentials and low electron affinities. Yet, we report the findings of higher aluminum hydrides, ${\mathrm{Al}}_{n}{\mathrm{H}}_{3n}$ $(n=3--7)$ with cyclic or linear polymeric structures that are even more stab…
Completely new textile technologies have recently been developed with the goal of giving additional functionality to garments. Textiles have been improved to protect against UV radiation and toxic gases or to enhance breathability. In addition, they may have integrated sensors to diagnose medical conditions or may be…
By using selectively 13 C-labeled sulfinyl and Gilch polymers, only noneliminated groups were demonstrated to be present in significant amounts (ca. 6.9%) in the sulfinyl conjugated OC 1 C 10 −PPV. By means of a two-step elimination procedure, this amount could be reduced to a level less than 0.5%. In the Gilch route…
We developed a phase-field model for Marangoni convection in a liquid-gas system with a deformable interface, heated from below. In order to describe both Marangoni instabilities (with short and long wavelengths), an additional force component must be considered in the Navier-Stokes equation. This term describes the c…
Abstract A small colloidal particle in any liquid diffuses due to the fluctuations of the number of molecules hitting it randomly from different directions. Colloidal particles are significantly larger than the molecules in the liquid, but small enough that collisions with molecules noticeably move the particle. The t…
Abstract Soluble and processable conductive copolymers of silicone tegomers and pyrrole were developed. This was easily accomplished by the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer by Ce(IV) salt in the presence of silicone tegomers with hydroxyl chain ends. The resulting copolymers were soluble in dimethylformamid…
Abstract In this article, the properties of a polycaprolactone and starch composite (PCL/starch) and an acrylic acid grafted polycaprolactone and starch composite (PCL‐g‐AA/starch) were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, Instron mechanica…
This paper presents a new time domain model for electric arc furnaces using MATLAB. The model can simulate both nonlinear and time varying nature of such loads, which create flicker, harmonics, and voltage/current unbalance. In this model, Cassie and Mayr equations are used in three-phase mode and the effects of arc f…
Abstract A polyimide (PI)–clay nanocomposite was prepared from a solution of poly(amic acid), a precursor of 2,2‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride and p ‐phenylenediamine, and dodecylamine–montmorillonite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and…
Densities and viscosities of solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in water and ethanol and solutions of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) in ethanol were measured at (293.2, 308.2, 313.2, 318.2, 328.2, 333.2, and 338.2) K. The number-average molecular weights for PEG were 200, 300, and 6000, and that for PPG was 2025.…
Abstract With a total of 0.6 %, titanium ranks fourth among metals, behind iron, aluminum, and magnesium, and ninth among all elements in the Earth’s crust. However, even today it has not yet lost the air of an exotic and expensive material. The majority of titanium is used as oxide (about 95 %) in the paint industry…
The low-order structure factors of rutile (TiO(2)) have been measured with an accuracy of up to 0.09% by quantitative convergent-beam electron diffraction (QCBED). This error is an order of magnitude smaller than that in conventional Bragg X-ray diffraction and equivalent to the accuracy of the X-ray Pendellösung meth…
Different mechanisms of failure can be induced and studied with the experimental setup for thermal‐cycling tests developed by the authors and shown in the Figure. It offers a realistic test rig for a broad range of applications, being suitable for a large surface temperature range (1050–1400 °C) and thermal gradients…
A versatile molecule is described that performs as a nondestructible read-out optical-storage molecular memory. This molecular memory is composed of two distinct molecules that are chemically bonded to each other to form a single molecule with unique properties. One component is a photochromic fulgimide, and the other…