Materials Literature
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All present approaches to surface modification of nanoparticles (NPs) with organic ligands exploit metal (cadmium) sites as anchor points. To obtain efficient interaction of NP surface with p-orbitals of organic chromophores, we utilize the chalcogen (sulfur) sites on the NP surface. These sites present several advant…
New hybrid inorganic–organic materials displaying both an ordered mesoporous structure and spherical morphology have been synthesised by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane and organoalkoxysilanes in water–ethanol solution containing ammonia in the presence of surfactant as templating agent.
Caged compounds in combination with protein crystallography represent a valuable tool in studies of enzyme reaction intermediates. To date, photochemical triggering of reactions has been performed close to room temperature. Synchronous reaction initiation has only been achieved with enzymes of relatively slow turnover…
The crystal structure of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb 2 ScTaO 6 has been refined from high-resolution neutron time-of-flight powder diffraction data recorded at various temperatures from 4 to 400 K. Upon warming, Pb 2 ScTaO 6 undergoes a first-order transition at 295 K from the rhombohedral ferroelectric state into th…
Ab initio infrared and Raman phonon modes in the normal cubic MgAl 2 O 4 spinel are calculated at the first Brillouin zone centre using density functional theory with plane-wave basis and norm-conserving pseudopotentials. Good agreement with available experimental infrared and Raman spectra is found for both natural a…
We have examined experimental and simulation data on the relaxation times (τα) and the viscosities in liquids and supercooled liquids as functions of temperature (T), density (ρ), and pressure (p). We achieve a data collapse by placing the data on master curves that depend only on a single density- and species-depende…
An AC impedance spectroscopic study of the Li x CoO 2 electrode in the temperature range of 0−30 °C is presented. The results are interpreted on the basis of an equivalent circuit that includes elements related to the electronic and ionic transport in addition to the charge transfer process. The evolution of the imped…
Europium-doped Lu 2 O 3 nanocrystalline powders with Eu concentrations of 1−13 m / 0 were prepared via a combustion route. Their morphology was determined with TEM measurements. It was found that the sizes of nanocrystallites were around 10−13 nm. These powders were sintered at 1700 °C into tablets whose grains were a…
We present molecular dynamics simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture at temperatures below the kinetic glass transition. The “mobility” of a particle is characterized by the amplitude of its fluctuation around its average position. The 5% particles with the largest/smallest mean amplitude are then defined as th…
ENIGMA ( Electron and Nuclear Image Generator by Max-ent Analysis ) is a program package to evaluate three-dimensional electron and nuclear density from X-ray and neutron diffraction data by using the maximum-entropy method (MEM). Compared with the previous program package MEED , ENIGMA saves computing time and frees…
Neutron total scattering provides simultaneous information about long-range order through the Bragg peaks and short- range order through the diffuse scattering. We review recent progress in applying total scattering methods for the study of short- range structural order in silicates and other materials, focussing on c…
The local-spin-density approximation and the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) are used to perform density-functional total-energy calculations at zero temperature for ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{Al}$ in the ordered ${D0}_{3}$ and ${L1}_{2}$ structures. Our calculations show that commonly used GGA functionals fai…
Cubic Pt nanoparticles were prepared by NaBH 4 reduction of K 2 PtCl 6 in an aqueous medium. Under the effect of phase-transfer inducer HCl, Pt nanoparticles were transferred to a toluene solution containing dodecanethiol, forming a toluene organosol of cubic Pt nanoparticles protected by dodecanethiol. A monolayer of…
Local and electronic structures of Ni and Mn atoms in the ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ series were studied by means of x-ray-absorption spectroscopy. The Ni and Mn K edges and Mn ${L}_{3}{/L}_{2}$ edges were analyzed. The local structure, determined by exten…
Polyelectrolyte complex formation of chitosans of varying average molecular weight and degree of acetylation with chitosan sulfate or poly(styrene sulfonate) was studied by static light scattering in dilute solution at various ionic strengths. Unlike the molecular weight, the degree of acetylation was found to have a…
We perform ab initio calculations of optical properties for a typical semiconductor conjugated polymer, poly-para-phenylenevinylene, in both isolated chain and crystalline packing. In order to obtain results for excitonic energies and real-space wavefunctions we explicitly include electron-hole interaction within the…
Superconducting Ag or Cu sheathed MgB2 wires have been fabricated by conventional powder-in-tube techniques. The in-situ reaction of Mg and B powders with atomic proportions of 1:2 and 1.33:2 inside Ag or Cu tubes at low temperatures have been searched. An active alloying of Mg with Ag or Cu sheaths at temperatures be…
Within dynamical mean-field theory, we study the metal-insulator transition of a twofold orbitally degenerate Hubbard model as a function of a splitting Δof the degeneracy. The phase diagram in the U-Δplane exhibits two-band and one-band metals, as well as the Mott insulator. The correlated two-band metal is easily dr…
We investigate the possibility of preparing left-handed materials in metallic magnetic granular composites. Based on the effective medium approximation, we show that by incorporating metallic magnetic nanoparticles into an appropriate insulating matrix and controlling the directions of magnetization of metallic magnet…
Although non-merohedrally twinned crystal structures can normally be solved without difficulty, problems usually arise during refinement. Careful analysis of poorly fitting data reveals that they belong predominantly to certain distinct zones in which | F o | 2 is systematically larger than | F c | 2 . In the computer…