Materials Literature
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The electrochemical properties of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 (LSCF) have been assessed for its application as a cathode in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. van der Pauw dc conductivity, two-electrode impedance, and three-electrode measurements were carried out to investigate the kinetics of the ox…
The stunning silica structures formed by diatoms are among the most remarkable examples of biological nanofabrication. In recent years, insight into the molecules and mechanism that allow diatoms to perform silica morphogenesis under ambient conditions has been gained.
The objective of this study was to assess bone formation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on a novel nanofibrous scaffold in a rat model. A highly porous, degradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold with an extracellular matrix-like topography was produced by electrostatic fiber spinning. MSCs derived from…
The latest advances in hydrophilic polymer controlled morphosynthesis and bio-inspired mineralization of various technically important inorganic crystals are reviewed with a focus on how to generate inorganic crystals with unusual structural specialty and complexity by double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs). The…
Self-assembly plays an important role in the formation of many (chiral) biological structures, such as DNA, alpha-helices or beta-sheets of proteins. This process, which is the main tool of Supramolecular Chemistry (i.e. the chemistry of the molecular assemblies and of the intermolecular bonds), starts to play a signi…
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is one of the most direct methods of studying the electronic structure of solids. By measuring the kinetic energy and angular distribution of the electrons photoemitted from a sample illuminated with sufficiently high-energy radiation, one can gain information on both…
The resistivity of thin Cu films depends on film thickness as the dimensions approach the electron mean-free-path for Cu of 39 nm. The key size-dependent contributions are from electron–surface scattering, grain boundary scattering, and surface roughness-induced scattering. Measurements with pseudoepitaxial Cu films d…
The utilization of hydrous ruthenium oxide (denoted as was promoted by annealing the oxide in air as well as by mixing it with conductive activated carbon (AC) due to the significant improvement in intra- and interparticle electronic conductivity, respectively. The maximum specific capacitance of 1340 F/g (measured at…
Nanoporous TiO(2) films loaded with gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit negative potential changes and anodic currents in response to visible light irradiation, so that the films would potentially be applicable to inexpensive photovoltaic cells, photocatalysts and simple plasmon sensors.
Multivalency is a powerful and versatile self-assembly pathway that confers unique thermodynamic and kinetic behavior onto supramolecular complexes. The diversity of the examples of supramolecular multivalent systems discussed in this perspective shows that the concept of multivalency is a general phenomenon, and that…
Studying the structure of disordered and partially ordered materials is notoriously difficult. Recently, significant advances have been made using the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of powder diffraction data coupled with the use of advanced X-ray and neutron sources and fast computers. Here we summa…
Ferroelectric liquid crystals have been a major research topic since 30 years. However, when it comes to liquid crystals, the term “ferroelectric” is strongly ambiguous and frequently not only leads to confusion and misunderstanding but also obscures the basic concepts. The property of ferroelectricity in liquid cryst…
Significant challenges must be overcome before the true benefit and economic impact of vascular tissue engineering can be fully realized. Toward that end, we have pioneered the electrospinning of micro- and nano-fibrous scaffoldings from the natural polymers collagen and elastin and applied these to development of bio…
This tutorial review describes in a brief historical perspective the most important organic compounds that exhibit photochromism in the crystalline state since its discovery in 1867 up to now and considers in detail Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde with amines (anils). The latter comprise a chemical system undergoing h…
Solvated lithium-ion transfer at the interface between the graphite and electrolyte was investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy. Electrolytes consisting of 1 mol dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were used. Cyclic voltammograms of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in the above elec…
Abstract The current–voltage characteristics of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/OC 1 C 10 ‐PPV:PCBM/Al solar cells were measured in the temperature range 125–320 K under variable illumination, between 0.03 and 100 mW cm –2 (white light), with the aim of determining the efficiency‐limiting mechanism(s) in these devices, and the temperat…
Transmission enhancements of order 1000 have been reported for subwavelength hole arrays in metal films and attributed to surface plasmon (SP) resonance. We show that the properly normalized enhancement factor is consistently less than 7, and that similar enhancements occur in nonmetallic systems that do not support S…
We describe the microscopic details of porosity formation during dealloying as illuminated by a kinetic Monte Carlo model incorporating site coordination-dependent surface diffusion of all alloy components, and site coordination-dependent dissolution of the less-noble atoms. Our simulation model reproduces the entire…
The fundamental parameters approach to line profile fitting uses physically based models to generate the line profile shapes. Fundamental parameters profile fitting (FPPF) has been used to synthesize and fit data from both parallel beam and divergent beam diffractometers. The refined parameters are determined by the d…
We performed threefold shotgun sequencing of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome to obtain a draft sequence and establish a basic resource for comprehensive genome analysis. By using the newly developed RAMEN assembler, the sequence data derived from whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing were assembled into 49,345 scaff…