Materials Literature
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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer, and is presently being evaluated worldwide. PDT is based on the ability of photosensitizers to accumulate selectively in tumor tissue. On irradiation fluorescence of the sensitizer allows tumor localization. Singlet oxygen formed by sensit…
The structure and electronic, magnetic and thermal properties of Nd–Fe and Nd–Fe–B amorphous alloys are modified appreciably by hydrogen charging. The feature and extent of the modification differ significantly between the two systems. This difference is primarily attributed to the effect of interatomic bonding, speci…
The initial development of boron fibers was funded by the U. S. Air Force as high-strength, high-modulus fibers for advanced aerospace applications. They are useful in sjJorts as well as in aerospace applications. However, their high cost is still a deterrent to widesjJread market penetoration. Two recent developments…
For the life cycle assessment (LCA) of coal, the authors investigated the life cycle inventory for coal mining in Japan. All energies, materials, equipment and facilities used for the coal production are listed for the assessment.As the results, 109kg of CO2 and 15.7kg of CH4 are emitted par 1 ton of clean coal output…
This paper, the first of two parts, describes a technique of measuring dynamic temperature fields on thin, porous textile materials when exposed to a low energy, localized heat source. A methodology is outlined for studying the smoldering process via measurement of surface temperature profiles using calibrated infrare…
The morphological control of calcium carbonate hexahydrate and its dehydrate was investigated. Synthetic calcium carbonates were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction pattern, thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscopic observation. The hexahydrate was synthesized by aging amor…
To use a resin for a composite, the processing conditions must be known. An engineering analysis through numerical simulation of the heat mold cure is useful for this purpose. The chemical systems studied were based in furfuryl alcohol (FA) and furfural. Sulfuric acid was used as catalyst. The kinetics of the reaction…
Alumina ceramics constitute an important class of structural ceramics. Their use in the structural applications has increased in the recent past and is likely to go up further as progress is made in their processing and understanding their mechanical behaviour. Low reliability, as reflected in the Weibull modulus m, a…
Supported nickel catalysts are used for steam reforming of natural gas and methanation of carbon oxides in hydrogen-rich streams in the production of ammonia, methanol and hydrogen. These catalysts are loaded into reactors in the oxide form and are then activated into metallic nickel state by in-citu reduction. The ac…
Austenitic stainless steels with low carbon content have good corrosion resistance in nitric acid solutions. However, these steels are susceptible to corrosion in nitric acid solutions which contain highly oxidizing ions such as Cr2O72-, Run+ etc. One of these is called "End Grain Corrosion" or "Tunnelling Corrosion".…
Drain-gate breakdown of GaAs metal-semiconductor-field-effect transistors (MESFETs) was analyzed using high frequency waveform probing. Peak dmin-gate voltage was theoretically and experhentally found to be a determining breakdown factor. The impact ionization induced conduction component of the gate and drain current…
The lattice distortion and size of crystallites along a particular lattice direction in solid pharmaceuticals were determined by profile analysis using a peak profile of X-ray powder diffraction. The analysis was carried out according to either the paracrystal or micro strain model. After correction for instrumental b…
The reaction between tetraphenylphthalonitrile and 4-phthalonitrile or 6-tert-butylnaphthalonitrile in the presence of copper(I) chloride gives a non-statistical mixture of non-symmetrical phthalocyanines from which 2:2 complexes are separated; in the reaction between substituted phthalo- and naphthalonitriles the 2:2…
HRTEM observations require ultra-thinned specimens and, due to the very small thick- ness (1 to 30 nm), an elastic stress relaxation may occur near the free surfaces of strained heterostruc- tures. These relaxation phenomena can modify the structural features of the thinned specimens with respect to the bulk materials…
A simple titrimetric method for the rapid determination of free nitric acid concentration and total acidity in process samples of zirconium nitrate is described. This paper also details a theoretical method of deducing the zirconium oxide content of these samples based on the free and total acidity values. Sodium fluo…
To evaluate the potential benefits of strontium treatment of steel compared to calcium, steel-clad wires of calcium-silicon, calcium and strontium were fabricated. Lengths of these wires were injected to 35 kg heats of AISI 1045 steel. Samples for total calcium or strontium, oxygen, sulphur, and aluminum were taken as…
Kinetics of enthalpy relaxation upon physical aging was examined for both amorphous, isotropic poly (ethylene terephthalate)(PET) and semi-crystalline, anisotropic PET samples below their glass transition temperature (Tg). After isothermal aging a DSC endothermic peak was observed near Tg and its shape, size and posit…
Effects of water, anions, and dissolved oxygen content in methanol solutions on the corrosion of iron have been examined by immersion corrosion and electrochemical polarization tests. The corrosion of iron in methanol solutions was controlled by passivation behavior of iron. The passivity of iron was stabilized by wat…
, ew issues are getting -e atten- nology include fluids and greases, Some silicones are supplied as neat F tion from textile x-facturers and emulsions, rubber products and resins. fluids, while others are in the form of suppliers today than the m-kxun- Silicones find application in many emulsions or room temperature c…
A novel technique is presented which allows the experimental determination of the emission cross-section spectrum of the pump transition of praseodymium in ZBLAN glass. The technique is based on measuring the population density of the upper level as a function of pump power as well as wavelength. The emission and abso…