Materials Literature
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We consider the behavior of an Ising ferromagnet obeying the Glauber dynamics under the influence of a fast switching, random external field. In Part I, we introduced a general formalism for describing such systems and presented the mean field theory. In this article we derive results for the one dimensional case, whi…
We consider a randomly forced particle moving in a finite region, which rebounds inelastically with coefficient of restitution r on collision with the boundaries. We show that there is a transition at a critical value of r, r_c\equiv e^{-π/\sqrt{3}}, above which the dynamics is ergodic but beneath which the particle u…
Three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of dissipative particles (~ 10^6) are carried out for studying the clustering kinetics of granular media during cooling. The inter-connected high particle density regions are identified, showing tube-like structures. The energy decay rates as functions of the particle d…
Double W/O/W emulsions consist in an inverse emulsion which is dispersed within a water continuous phase as direct emulsion droplets. The aim of this paper is to explore the basic rules that govern the stability of double emulsions. By associating both water- and oil-soluble surfactants in various concentrations, we p…
The modelling of silica glass, following the work of Le Bail [1], has been introduced in a Rietveld general procedure developed for quantitative phase analysis. The method approximates the amorphous phase as a nanocrystalline solid where the long-range order is lost. As pointed out by the same author, the model is not…
Orientation and purification of carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated using ac electrophoresis in isopropyl alcohol. Nanotubes move towards the electrodes for all frequencies of applied electric field from 10 Hz to 10 MHz. However, carbon particles contained as impurites become harder to move with increasing frequen…
The principal angle-of-incidence (Phi) and ellipticity tg(rho) of the light reflected from PS surface are measured in the visible on two samples by spectroellipsometry methods. The dependence of the reflected light intensity in the s-plane and ellipsometric parameters on the angle-of-incidence and photoluminescence sp…
Vibrational spectra of layered crystals Rb<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Br<SUB>9</SUB>, Rb<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB>, Cs<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB> were investigated by the method of Raman spectroscopy at 293 K and 100 K. The distribution of vibrational modes by symmetric type was considered for m…
Durch einfaches Vereinigen ihrer Acetonitrillösungen läßt sich aus der Titelverbindung 1 und Tetrathiafulvalen (TTF) der Charge-Transfer-Komplex 2 erhalten. Dabei fungiert 1 als neuartiger Elektronenacceptor und liegt im Komplex als Radikalanion vor. Durch Zwei-Punkt-Pulvermessung wurde für 2 eine elektrische Leitfähi…
Phase diagrams for binary hard disc mixtures are predicted for diameter ratios between 0.15 and 1, using a new equation of state for the liquid based on recent calculations of the fifth virial coefficient, and a cell model for the solid. At diameter ratios close to 1, a substitutional solid solution is formed, and bot…
We made neutron powder diffraction measurements for phase III (at 4, 120, 180, 220, and 250 K) and phase II (at 280 K) of . The structure of phase III was determined by the Rietveld method using the data obtained at 4 K; the initial structure parameters were obtained by a systematic trial-and-error method. Phase III i…
A unique feature of the olfactory epithelium is its ability to give rise to new sensory neurons throughout life and also following injury. Cells at the basal side of the epithelium serve as neurogenic progenitor cells. The enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase is expressed at the surface of developing nerve cells and is regarde…
Epitaxially grown semiconductive Nb-doped BaTiO3 thin films with low electrical resistivity similar to that of the bulk single crystal were prepared by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition. Thin films with 1.5–7.5 at. % Nb content showed n-type semiconductor character. The films with 5.7 at. % Nb content showed the…
A volume grating for outcoupling and line focusing of waveguided infrared light is designed and optimized. A local grating vector approach is used in combination with the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. By design, this volume grating coupler is holographically constructed on top of a waveguide by the interference of t…
A recombinant Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue harboring a stable high-copy-number plasmid pSYL107 containing the Alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and the Escherichia coli ftsZ gene was employed for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by fed-batch culture in a defined medium. S…
The total structure factors, S ( Q ), of pure molten and an equimolar mixture with , , were measured by neutron diffraction at 1013 K and 923 K, respectively. The results are generally consistent with the findings of previous MD simulations. The ion remains essentially unperturbed in the mixture. The real-space pair c…
Je mehrmeso-Substituenten vorhanden sind, desto verbogener sind die Porphyrine, die durch einfaches Umsetzen mit Alkylierungsreagentien wie Butyllithium, Hydrolysieren mit Wasser und Oxidieren mit 2,3-Dichlor-5,6-dicyan-1,4-benzochinon (DDQ) erhalten werden [Gl. (a)]. Nach dieser Methode lassen sich alle vier meso-Pos…
Apparently solvent-mediated and not through-bond photoinduced electron transfer (ET) takes place from the porphyrin (P) unit to the methylviologen (MV2+) unit in the rigid U-shaped molecules 1 (i.e., kTSET>kTBET; TS=through-solvent, TB=through-bond). The ratio of the rates of charge separation to charge recombination…
Stabilized by the tailor-made coordination in the crystal, B4 tetrahedra were characterized for the first time in a solid-state structure (shown on the right). Some of the Al atoms are replaced by B4 tetrahedra in the cubic τ-boride Ni20AlB14. The B–B distances of 1.681(15) Å are similar to those in the molecular stru…
An F−/Cl− ligand exchange in the stable organopalladium fluoro complex 1 generates naked fluoride ions in unusually high concentrations. The released F− readily fluorinates dichloromethane under exceedingly mild conditions and deprotonates chloroform to produce dichlorocarbene.