Materials Literature
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The thickness effect in ferroelectric thin films has been theoretically investigated using the Landau–Khalatnikov theory. Ferroelectric properties such as the hysteresis loop, and its associated coercive field and the remanent polarization of various film thicknesses have been numerically simulated. In this simulation…
Using an approach different from the conventional vapor doping methods, Cs positive ions in a magnetized-plasma column are irradiated upon a negatively biased substrate which is covered with dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The Cs ions are evidently observed inside SWNTs by the Z-contrast method in sc…
We reported a way to fabricate microporous films by post-base treatment of hydrogen-bonding-directed multilayer films of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and carboxyl-terminated polyether dendrimer (DEN−COOH). The PVP/DEN−COOH multilayer film was fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of PVP and DEN−COOH from a methanol sol…
The origins of extensive solid−solid-state interconversions that accompany the electrochemistry of microparticles of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and semiconducting CuTCNQ (phases I and II) adhered to glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, in contact with CuSO 4(aq) electrolyte, have been identified. Ex situ analyses with…
Blueshifts in the ultraviolet absorption spectra have been observed in cerium oxide nanocrystallites. The mechanism of the absorption is a charge-transfer optical transition. The relationships among the blueshift, valence state of cerium ions, and the particle size are formulated. The blueshifts are well explained for…
The influence of the disk diameter of nanometer thick anisotropic layered silicates on the phase-separated morphology of a near-critical polystyrene (PS)−poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blend was examined using atomic force microscopy. Films with comparable amounts of thermodynamically equivalent nanoparticles varying…
Abstract This book links the molecular evolution of silk proteins to the evolution and behavioral ecology of web-spinning spiders and other arthropods. Craig ‘s book draws together studies from biochemistry through molecular genetics, cellular physiology, ecology, and behavior to present an integrated understanding of…
The sonication of ionic organic liquids leads to decomposition of the liquids. Multibubble sonoluminescence spectra and headgas analysis reveal a variety of decomposition products from the sonolysis of N,N'-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids. The decomposition is a result of acoustic cavitation, which generates localize…
We analyze dynamical heterogeneities in a simulated “bead-spring” model of a nonentangled, supercooled polymer melt. We explore the importance of chain connectivity on the spatially heterogeneous motion of the monomers. We find that when monomers move, they tend to follow each other in one-dimensional paths, forming s…
Recent density functional theory calculations indicate that hydrogen is soluble in ZnO, effectively forming a shallow donor state. It has been suggested that these donors are responsible for the large increases in electron concentration seen in ZnO samples annealed at elevated temperatures in H2 gas. In order to make…
A one-dimensional heat conduction model is developed for a phase change random access memory device with an 8F2 memory cell structure (F=0.15 μm). The required current level for a reset operation, which corresponds to the phase switching from a crystalline (“1” state) to an amorphous phase (“0” state) of Ge2Sb2Te5, wa…
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to study the internal structure of poly(lactic acid)−poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA(d)−PEG) block copolymer assemblies, which are being investigated as particulate drug carriers. Three PLA(d)−PEG copolymers with a fixed PEG of 5 kDa and a fully deuterated PLA(d) block of…
Approximately 2.0 nm diameter nanocrystalline zinc sulfide was synthesized in water (H 2 O−ZnS) and ∼2.4 nm nanocrystalline mercaptoethanol-capped ZnS was synthesized in a mercaptoethanol−water solution (mer-ZnS) in order to investigate the connections between the crystal growth pathway and microstructure development…
CuO x / Al exothermic reactions in multilayer foils were studied to identify reaction paths and reaction kinetics. Heating samples at a slow, controlled rate in a differential thermal analyzer showed that the reduction of CuOx and the oxidation of Al proceeded via two separate exotherms. To analyze this reaction pathw…
We have performed x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements in the temperature range of 300–873 K on a single phase epitaxially oriented BaTiO3 thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition on a single crystal MgO substrate. The θ–2θ room temperature diffraction measurements and asymmetric rocking curves indi…
We introduce a Monte-Carlo algorithm for the simulation of charged particles moving in the continuum. Electrostatic interactions are not instantaneous as in conventional approaches, but are mediated by a constrained, diffusing electric field on an interpolating lattice. We discuss the theoretical justifications of the…
A method for continuous compositional-spread (CCS) thin-film fabrication based on pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is introduced. This approach is based on a translation of the substrate heater and the synchronized firing of the excimer laser, with the deposition occurring through a slit-shaped aperture. Alloying is achi…
YMnO 3 thin films were grown on an n-type Si substrate by nebulized spray pyrolysis in the metal–ferroelectric–semiconductor (MFS) configuration. The capacitance–voltage characteristics of the film in the MFS structure exhibit hysteretic behaviour consistent with the polarization charge switching direction, with the m…
Conductive core-shell particles were prepared by the deposition of polyaniline (PANI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) multilayers onto polystyrene (PS) colloidal particles via the alternate electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. PSS was used as a polymeric counterion for multilayer formation…
Au and Ag Schottky contacts on the epiready (0001)Zn surface of bulk n-ZnO crystals show Schottky barrier heights of 0.65–0.70 eV from capacitance–voltage measurements, activation energies for reverse saturation currents of 0.3–0.4 eV and saturation current densities ranging from 10−5 A cm−2 on surfaces etched in HCl…