Materials Literature
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Using multi‐anvil high‐pressure devices and synchrotron radiation, X‐ray in situ observations of HfO 2 under high pressure and high temperature have been performed to investigate its phase relations and compression behavior. An orthorhombic phase (orthoI) is stable from 4 to 14.5 GPa below 1250°–1400°C and transforms…
Bimetallic gold and silver particles, a core−shell type structure, have been prepared by a UV-photoactivation technique. The optical absorption spectra are recorded and compared with various absorption profiles due to Au−Ag particles described in the literature. Initially Au particles formed by UV irradiation, which a…
When microcapsules of phase change materials (PCMS) are added to textiles, they absorb heat energy as they change from a solid to a liquid state and release heat as they return to a solid state. This project quantifies the effect of PCMS in clothing on heat flow from the body during temperature transients. One- and tw…
MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles in a size range of 4−14 nm have been synthesized from water-in-toluene reverse micelles by using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS) as surfactant. The blocking temperature, saturation magnetization, and coercivity of the nanoparticles are clearly size-dependent. The blocking temperature in…
Access to structure–processing property relationships in nanocomposites is given through the work undertaken by these authors. Their approach relies on linking cubic silsesquioxane (see Figure) by organic tethers. The analytical data presented here form strong foundations for the formation of nanocomposites with well-…
As the consumer and industrial requirements for compact, high-power density electrical power systems grow substantially over the next decade, development of high power/energy density capacitor technology is a major enabling technology component element. For microsecond to fractional-second electrical energy storage, d…
The sensitivity of transport in colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganites to external electric and magnetic fields is examined using field effect configurations with ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ (LCMO), ${\mathrm{Na}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\ma…
Special carbon! Carbon nanofilaments differ from graphite and soot catalysts in their high stability during the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. The high yields of styrene achieved suggest that a first industrial application of carbon nanofilaments in catalysis is possible.
Nitroaromatic explosives can be detected in a simple and rapid method by the quenching of the photoluminescence of fluorescent polysiloles. Quenching is achieved by electron transfer from the conduction band of the polysiloles to electron-poor molecules such as picric acid, nitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and…
An emission band at 2.4 eV, called the green band, is observed in most ZnO samples, no matter what growth technique is used. Sometimes this band includes fine structure, which consists mainly of doublets, repeated with a longitudinal-optical-phonon-energy spacing (72 meV). We have developed a vibronic model for the gr…
Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of Zn1−xTMxO (TM=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) films were measured to clarify their magneto-optical properties. Noticeable magneto-optical effect was not observed for Zn1−xScxO, Zn1−xTixO, Zn1−xVxO, and Zn1−xCrxO. On the contrary, Zn1−xMnxO, Zn1−xCoxO, Zn1−xNixO, and Zn1−…
A novel divergent approach was developed for the synthesis of dendritic aliphatic polyester structures using an acetal-protected anhydride derivative of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid as the acylating agent. This divergent synthesis is remarkable, because unlike all others, it only requires a small excess of rea…
The purpose of this study is to derive a solid solution model for aluminous (Si < 3 a.p.f.u.) chlorites encountered in metapelites over a wide range of P-T conditions. A compilation of chlorite compositions in quartz-bearing rocks led us to propose a four-thermodynamic-component (Mg-amesite, clinochlore, daphnite,…
Abstract The aim was to prepare fibers with diameters below the micrometer range characterized by specific bulk morphologies and surface topologies. Such materials are of interest for various applications including reinforcement, sensors or filtration as well as the formation of functional tubes by the use of fiber te…
The long (but not too long) fluorescence lifetime of CdSe semiconductor quantum dots was exploited to enhance fluorescence biological imaging contrast and sensitivity by time-gated detection. Significant and selective reduction of the autofluorescence contribution to the overall image was achieved, and enhancement of…
We show that gelation of weakly attractive colloids is remarkably similar to the colloidal glass transition. Like the glass transition, dynamic light scattering functions near gelation scale with scattering vector, and exhibits a two-step decay with a power-law divergence of the final decay time. Like the glass transi…
Effective cationic dye-sensitized nanocrystalline titania solar cells employing an elastomeric copolymer of ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin as electrolyte and I–/I3– as mobile redox carrier system have been developed by these authors. The key feature of the copolymer is its ability to penetrate the pores of the Ti…
The role, including concentration, conformation, and bioactivity, of adsorbed vitronectin in enhancing osteoblast adhesion on nanophase alumina was investigated in the present study. Vitronectin adsorbed in a competitive environment in the highest concentration on nanophase alumina compared to conventional alumina. En…
TiO 2 -based powder, including 0.1 at% of N doped in the rutile lattice, has been synthesized by oxidation of TiN. As a result, a significant shift of the absorption edge to a lower energy in the visible-light region has been observed. The substitutional doping of N into the TiO 2 lattice is found to be effective; its…
Many inorganic and organic materials exhibit redox states with distinct electronic (UV-vis) absorption bands. When the switching of redox states generates new or different visible region bands, the material is electrochromic. Electrochromic materials are currently attracting much interest in academia and industry for…