Materials Literature
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The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant under different frequencies is measured and analyzed for two different relaxor ferroelectrics, the solid solution ceramics of lead magnesium niobate and lead zinc niobate, respectively. Compared with the experimental results, the disadvantage of simulated results f…
Thermomonospora fusca E4 is an unusual 90.4-kDa endocellulase comprised of a catalytic domain (CD), an internal family IIIc cellulose binding domain (CBD), a fibronectinlike domain, and a family II CBD. Constructs containing the CD alone (E4-51), the CD plus the family IIIc CBD (E4-68), and the CD plus the fibronectin…
Muscles convert chemical energy to mechanical energy plus heat at constant temperature. The search for artificial muscles that do the same is described, beginning with polymer gels—which were restricted to slow movements and had high energy consumption—and ending with the bilayer devices that have been constructed fro…
A series of glass ceramics have been synthesized to produce bulk materials with nanometer‐sized barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) crystals grown in a residue glass matrix. Structure‐property relations have been made to determine the size distribution and the dielectric temperature dependence of the ceramics. Through dielectr…
This paper describes the first observation of localized electropolymerization of pyrrole and aniline on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates under atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip−sample interactions. A scanning or oscillating AFM tip, providing the horizontal scratching force and the vertical tapping…
The bond-order potential for hcp Ti has been constructed in the framework of a tight-binding description of the binding energy. In this scheme the energy consists of two parts: the bond part that comprises the d-electron contribution to bonding, and a pairwise part. Both parts contain fitting parameters but are treate…
HVDC cables start playing a more and more important role in interconnecting national grids. This paper deals with the calculation of electric fields in HVDC cables. The calculation of fields in an HVDC cable is far more complex than the equivalent case in HV ac cables. This is due to the fact that the conductivity of…
The 100th anniversary of The American Ceramic Society corresponds approximately with the 100th anniversary of what might be considered the start of the age of glass science, i.e., the publication, in Germany, in 1886, of the catalog of Schott und Genossen, containing 44 optical glass compositions. The American Ceramic…
We present a theoretical study of in-plane magnetization reversal for vicinal ultrathin films using a one-dimensional micromagnetic model with nearest-neighbor exchange, four-fold anisotropy at all sites, and two-fold anisotropy at step edges. A detailed "phase diagram" is presented that catalogs the possible shapes o…
An attempt is made to simulate the homoepitaxial growth of a Si(111) surface by the kinetic Monte Carlo method in which the standard Solid-on-Solid model and the planar model of the (7x7) surface reconstruction are used in combination. By taking account of surface reconstructions as well as atomic deposition and migra…
We present a model for the luminescence spectrum of silicon nanoclusters. We propose that the major contribution to luminescence is from radiative recombination of confined excitons (quantum confinement). Utilizing the effective mass approximation we consider the variation in oscillator strength with cluster size and…
A multichannel spectroscopic ellipsometer based on the rotating-compensator principle was developed and applied to measure the time evolution of spectra (1.5–4.0 eV) in the normalized Stokes vector of the light beam reflected from the surface of a growing film. With this instrument, a time resolution of 32 ms for full…
We provide evidence that thin films of magnetite ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ epitaxially grown on single-crystalline MgO(100), form domains with unique magnetic properties. Strong 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} Fe-O-Fe superexchange paths at antiphase domain boundaries result in a frustration of the in…
A simple model for the thermal conductivity of polycrystals is presented by incorporating the concept of the Kapitza resistance with an effective medium approach. By applying this model to a few thermoelectric alloys reported in the literature, we show that it quite well describes the often observed grain size-depende…
Lamellar single crystals of poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) were grown from a 0.05% solution of p -xylene at 90 °C. The hexagonal, truncated-lozenge and lozenge-shaped single crystals with spiral growth were prepared simultaneously, and these crystals were relatively stable under conditions of electron bombardment. The h…
The thermal expansion of NiO‐8 mol % Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ) composites and Ni‐YSZ cermets in air and hydrogen have been investigated in the temperature range from 50 to 1000°C. The average linear thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of NiO‐YSZ composites in air increased with NiO content over the entire compos…
Several cobalt porphyrins (CoP) have been reduced by radiation chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical methods, in aqueous and organic solvents. In aqueous solutions, the Co I P state is stable at high pH but is shorter lived in neutral and acidic solutions. Stable Co I P is also observed in organic solvents and…
Two filters for improving the visibility of crystalline material in the presence of amorphous surface contamination layers in high‐resolution electron microscope images can be constructed automatically from the information present in the Fourier transform of the recorded image. The recorded signal is considered in the…
The accuracy of XPS and AES quantification by peak shape analysis was established from a detailed analysis of a range of model spectra and three sets of experiments. It was found that information on the concentration–depth profile in the surface region up to depths of ∽5λi (where λi is the inelastic electron mean free…
The nature and the role of 1 to 5 nm thick TiO2 seed layers for the growth of textured PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films on textured Pt(111) thin film substrates have been studied. Under otherwise identical in situ sputter deposition process conditions, the PbTiO3 texture could be turned from (100) to (111) orientatio…