9 Dielectric relaxation in solutions
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Structure, Raman scattering, and transport properties of boron-doped graphite
Boron-doped highly oriented graphite films (B-HOGF's) with an atomic fraction of boron from 0.4 up to 2.2 at. % have been prepared from well-crystallized, highly oriented graphite. The effect of boron doping on crystal structure has been investigated in terms of texture observation with a field-emission gun-type scann…
From Stars to Spheres: A SAXS Analysis of Dilute Dendrimer Solutions
The progression of intramolecular organizations within a series of dilute poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer/methanol solutions is examined by use of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with comparisons to electron density models and radial density distributions extracted by the indirect transformation for t…
Crystallization of a supercooled liquid and of a glass - Ising model approach
Using Monte Carlo simulations we study crystallization in the three-dimensional Ising model with four-spin interaction. We monitor the morphology of crystals which grow after placing crystallization seeds in a supercooled liquid. Defects in such crystals constitute an intricate and very stable network which separate v…
Surface and Image-Potential States on the MgB_2(0001) Surfaces
We present a self-consistent pseudopotential calculation of surface and image-potential states on $MgB_2(0001)$ for both $B$-terminated ($B-t$) and $Mg$-terminated ($Mg-t$) surfaces. We find a variety of very clear surface and subsurface states as well as resonance image-potential states n=1,2 on both surfaces. The su…
Dissolution in a field
We study the dissolution of a solid by continuous injection of reactive ``acid'' particles at a single point, with the reactive particles undergoing biased diffusion in the dissolved region. When acid encounters the substrate material, both an acid particle and a unit of the material disappear. We find that the length…
NH Tautomerism of N-Confused Porphyrin
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNH Tautomerism of N-Confused PorphyrinHiroyuki Furuta, Tomoya Ishizuka, Atsuhiro Osuka, Hirohisa Dejima, Hidenori Nakagawa, and Yuichi IshikawaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Department…
Anomalous Nonlinear Microwave Response of Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x Films on MgO
We have investigated the anomalous nonlinear microwave response of epitaxial electron-beam coevaporated YBa2Cu3O7-x films on MgO. The power and temperature dependent surface impedance and two-tone intermodulation distortion were measured in stripline resonators at several frequencies between 2.3 and 11.2 GHz and at te…
Colloidal soft matter under external control
The physics of soft-matter systems controlled by external fields is reviewed and previewed. Particular emphasis is placed on statistical properties of well-characterized colloidal dispersions in different confining situations, in laser-optical, magnetic and electric fields as well as under shear. These are very active…
Formation of ion-irradiation-induced atomic-scale defects on walls of carbon nanotubes
Recent experiments on irradiated carbon nanotubes provide evidence that ion bombardment gives rise to nanotube amorphization and dramatic dimensional changes. Using an empirical potential along with molecular dynamics, we study structure and formation probabilities of atomic-scale defects produced by low-dose irradiat…
Anomalous exchange interactions in III-V dilute magnetic semiconductors
Based on local-density functional calculations, we study the exchange interactions between magnetic dopants Cr, Mn, and Fe in the III-V compounds GaAs, GaN, and AlN. We show the magnetic exchange interactions deviate strongly in behavior expected from simple models, and may explain the observed maximum in critical tem…
ONBOARD FUEL CONVERSION FOR HYDROGEN-FUEL-CELL-DRIVEN VEHICLES
Increasingly stringent legislation controls emissions from internal combustion engines to the point where alternative power sources for vehicles are necessary. The hydrogen fuel cell is one promising option, but the nature of the gas is such that the conversion of other fuels to hydrogen on board the vehicle is necess…
Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogels for Tissue EngineeringKuen Yong Lee and David J. MooneyView Author Information Departments of Biologic & Materials Sciences, Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 7, 1869…
<title>Glasses of the Ga<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>S<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula>-GeS<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> system doped with rare-earth ions (Nd<formula><sup><roman>3+</roman></sup></formula>,Er<formula><sup><roman>3+</roman></sup></formula>) as active optical materials</title>
Physical-chemical and optical properties of glassy system Ga-Ge-S, doped with Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>, Er<SUP>3+</SUP> were treated from viewpoints of differential-temperature analysis, Raman and luminescence spectroscopy. Strong correlation between network structure and luminescence efficiency of Ga-Ge-S:Nd, Er system is est…
Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of chitosan azacrown ethers bearing hydroxyl group
Abstract Two new chitosan azacrown ethers bearing hydroxyl groups (CTS‐DH and CTS‐DO) were synthesized by the reaction of 3‐hydroxyl‐1,5‐diaza‐cycloheptane and 3‐hydroxyl‐1,5‐diaza‐cyclooctane with epoxy‐activated chitosan. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra analysis, and X‐ray…
Antiferroelectric Liquid-Crystal Gels
The synthesis and characterization of several mesogenic antiferroelectric gels obtained by in situ photopolymerization of mixtures of a nonchiral diacrylate and a nonreactive compound with an antiferroelectric SmC* A phase is described. Along with kinetic aspects from their photopolymerization processes, information h…
Solid-State Charge Transfer Promoted by an Anchoring Agent: A Two-Component Analogue of Kofler's Ternary Complex
Charge-transfer complex formation between the push−pull zwitterionic molecule 7,7-bis(piperazino)-8,8-dicyanoquinodimethane and picric acid is observed in the solid state. The critical role of proton transfer and intermolecular H bonding in facilitating the charge-transfer interaction is established through control ex…
Morphological and mechanical properties of PP/ABS blends compatibilized with PP‐g‐acrylic acid
Abstract Polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) blends were prepared by a melt extrusion process. PP‐ g ‐acrylic acid was used as a compatibilizer. Blends with various compositions of PP, compatibilizer, and ABS were prepared and studied for morphological and mechanical properties. PP‐rich ternar…
The Physicochemical Basis of Perfume Performance in Consumer Products
The literature on physicochemical aspects of perfume performance has been reviewed with emphasis on products for home and body care. Pertinent expressions related to perfume performance have been defined. For the first time a model study is presented to account for the dynamic aspects in applications of perfumed fabri…
Effect of montmorillonite on thermal and moisture absorption properties of polyimide of different chemical structures
Abstract The thermal properties and the moisture absorption of three types of polyimide/montmorillonite nanocomposite were investigated: 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride‐4,4′‐oxydianiline (BPDA‐ODA); pyromellitic dianhydride‐ODA (PMDA‐ODA); and 3,3′,4,′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride‐ODA (BTDA‐O…