Materials Literature
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An investigation was made of the reasons why ferroelectric PbTiO 3 films are hard to grow on single-crystal Si substrates. PbTiO 3 films were formed on Si(100) and MgO(100) single-crystal substrates, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the composition, chemical structure and oxidation state…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Two Aromatic Silicon-Containing Dianions:The 2,3,4,5-Tetraphenylsilole Dianion and the 1,1'-Disila-2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-Octaphenylfulvalene DianionJang-Hwan Hong, Philip Boudjouk, and Stephen CastellinoCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 9,…
Texture transition of Pb(Zr 1−x Ti x )O 3 thin films grown from a metallo–organic solution onto Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates has been studied. The orientation obtained depends on the crystallization temperature and time and can be drastically altered by modifying the heat treatment schedule. A [100] texture requires an…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-Temperature Fourier Transform Infrared Study of the Interaction of CO with Cations in Alkali-Metal Exchanged ZSM-5 ZeolitesA. Zecchina, S. Bordiga, C. Lamberti, G. Spoto, L. Carnelli, and C. Otero AreanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 38, 9577–9582Publication Date (Pr…
In 1896 Henri Becquerel discovered that a uranium salt could darken a photographic plate, and from this effect he went on to discover radioactivity. In 1934 H. Frenzel and H. Schultes exposed a photographic plate to acoustic waves generated in a water bath and also observed a darkening of the plate. They attributed th…
Pb(Zr x Ti 1- x )O 3 (PZT) thin films were prepared on Ir and IrO 2 electrodes. Ir has very similar properties to Pt, and IrO 2 is a conductive oxide. Perovskite single-phase PZT thin films were obtained on their electrodes. PZT thin films were grown by the conventional sol-gel method with rapid thermal annealing (RTA…
Abstract The thermoxidative aging behavior of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) vulcanizates has been investigated. Aging rates were determined by measuring isothermal oxidative induction times in a differential scanning calorimeter. Aging rates were also determined by measuring th…
The terms "euhedral," "subhedral," and "anhedral" have limited value as an expression of crystal morphology relating to conditions of crystal formation and rock-forming processes. The basis of this traditional nomenclature is the presence or absence of crystal faces, implying that if a crystal has faces its overall sh…
Abstract “Two dimensional” talc was prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of various silicas with magnesium hydroxide. The precipitated and activated silicas were especially available as starting materials. The powder X-ray diffraction data indicated that the resulting talc consisted of no-stratified and random layere…
Abstract It would be advantageous to determine the causes of changes in rheological behavior of a compound during mixing, so that mixing times and conditions could be optimized to give the desired processing behavior and properties of the final product. The causes of changes in viscosity during mixing of a compound co…
Abstract The effect of crosslink structures on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of unfilled and HAF-filled vulcanizates with conventional (Conv), semi-efficient (Semi-EV) and efficient (EV) cure systems, all with similar levels of total crosslink densities, was investigated before and after aging at 100°C in ai…
Abstract Einkristalle der neuen Silicate CsKNaLi 9 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 , CsKNa 2 Li 8 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 , RbNa 3 Li 8 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 4 und RbNaLi 4 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 2 , sowie Pulver der Rb‐haltigen Verbindungen wurden dargstellt. Die Proben entstanden durch Tempern inniger Gemenge binärer Oxide in geschlossenen Ni‐ bzw. Ag‐Bömbchen…
The properties of poly(vinyl acetate) compositions prepared as potential wood adhesives were investigated. The paper presents the results of the influence of various kinds of inorganic fillers based on calcium carbonate and alumino-silicate and an organic filler, starch, on the adhesive composition properties. The com…
The acid-induced reversible unfolding of several forms of the mitochondrial isoenzyme of mammalian aspartate aminotransferase, including its precursor form, has been characterized under equilibrium conditions. A minimum of two transitions can be detected for the holoenzyme (pyridoxal form). One transition takes place…
Abstract A systematic spectrophotometric study on the complexation of chromium (III) ion with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was carried out. The effects of the degree of substitution (DS) of the polymer, the concentrations of Cr(III) and CMC solutions, the pH and temperature on the complex formation were studie…
Laboratory-scale batch experiments (semicontinuously fed) were conducted using a two-level factorial experimental design to investigate principal factors and interactions affecting microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon (C) steel. Factors considered included the C source as chemical oxygen demand (COD)…
Severe reactor accident scenarios involving air ingression into the reactor coolant system are described. Evidence from modem reactor accident analyses and from the accident at Three Mile Island show residual fuel will be present in the core region when air ingression is possible. This residual fuel can interact with…
Detailed thermal activation analysis has been carried out on experimental data for the plasticity of polycrystalline titanium containing 0·06–1·6 at.% O in the temperature range 4·2–600 K. The analysis of the dislocation-impurity interaction parameters took into consideration the variations in the shear modulus and in…
In spite of extensive optimizations of transformer core designs, investigations of full sized cores showed distinct inhomogeneities of flux density B. Limbs showed discontinuous variations of B in peripheral packages and minima of B in thick central ones. The latter are not caused by global eddy currents but rather by…
Two-dimensional negative-temperature systems described by means of analytical solutions of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation are investigated. It is shown that two kinds of doubly periodic self-consistent structures can exist. The structures obtained confirm the prediction of equilibrium statistical mechanics that no spa…