Materials Literature
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Polymer coatings of brushlike monolayers composed of two different polymers, polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine), are grafted by radical polymerization on the surface of silicon wafers. Thickness, grafting density, molecular weight of grafted chains, and the composition of the coatings were regulated by grafting tim…
A viscous liquid drop sliding down an inclined solid that it partially wets runs all the faster since it is large. Here we examine what happens in the limit of very high contact angles, on a so-called super-hydrophobic surface. It is shown that a droplet rolls instead of sliding, which leads to a surprising law for th…
We show that ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}$ is a compound for which the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to the exchange-correlation functional in density functional theory makes a qualitative change in predicted behavior compared to the usual local density approximation. Application of GGA leads to predictio…
ABSTRACT Whereas native whey protein films were totally water soluble, heat denatured films were insoluble. Heat‐denatured whey protein films had higher tensile properties than native whey protein films. However, native and heat‐denatured films had similar water vapor permeability (WVP). The pH of the film‐forming sol…
Dissolved H 2 O in silicate melts and glasses plays a crucial role in volcanic eruptions on terrestrial planets and affects glass properties and magma evolution. In this paper, major progress on several aspects of the H 2 O‐melt (or glass) system is reviewed, consistency among a variety of data is investigated, discre…
A systematic investigation into the effect of surface chemistry on bacterial adhesion was carried out. In particular, a number of physicochemical factors important in defining the surface at the molecular level were assessed for their effect on the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphyloco…
Dark opaque blue to transmissive light blue is the color transition that poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) and derivatives undergo when switched from their reduced to oxidized state. These polymers are very promising electrochromic materials—they exhibit more rapid switching, lower oxidation potentials, and…
Macroscopic polarization plays a major role in determining the optical and electrical properties of nitride nanostructures via polarization-induced built-in electrostatic fields. While currently fashionable, this field of endeavour is still by far in its early infancy. Here we contribute some clarifications on the con…
Temperature-dependent Raman spectra of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ samples, referred to as ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ for convenience, were correlated to their structural and magnetic properties for different $\ensuremath{\delta}.$…
The electrochemical impedance of a mixed conductor with two charge carriers sandwiched between two equal electrodes is modeled phenomenologically. A simple analytical approximation is found which applies in a very broad materials parameter window (arbitrary carrier mobilities and concentrations) as long as linear resp…
The solubility of paracetamol (4-hydroxyacetanilide) in 26 solvents in the temperature range from −5 to +30 °C is reported. Paracetamol has a very low solubility in nonpolar and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as toluene and carbon tetrachloride whereas the solubility is very high in solvents of medium polarity such as…
Carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) need to be highly pure for use in various applications. A simple and efficient purification method is reported here to provide >98 % pure SWNTs (see Figure) in a three-step process involving dilute nitric acid reflux and oxidation in air. The method also provides an analytical te…
Efficient, pure red-emitting polymer light-emitting diodes have been prepared by doping blue-emitting conjugated polymers with europium β-diketonate complexes (see Figure). The pure red emission is required for full color displays, while the blends are also expected to be useful as emitters in photonic crystals due to…
Transparent sheets of epoxy resin reinforced with nylon-4,6 nanofibers are described. The 30–200 nm diameter fibers, obtained by electrospinning from formic acid solutions, are reported to provide significant improvement in strength and stiffness to the epoxy film. The Figure is a scanning electron microscopy image of…
We report a simple method for preparing polycrystalline ZnO thin films with good luminescent properties: the oxidization of metallic Zn films. In photoluminescence (PL) studies at room temperature for wavelengths between 370 and 675 nm, we have observed a single exciton peak around 390 nm without any deep-level emissi…
The magnetic phase diagrams of four ${L}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ series $(L=\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{m};$ $A=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})$ have been established combining neutron diffraction, electron microscopy, and magnetotransport measurements in order to understand…
We report the realization of p-type behavior in ZnO thin films, which are prepared by codoping method using Ga (donor) and N (acceptor) as the dopants. Especially, using active N formed by passing N 2 O gas through an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source is quite effective for the acceptor doping. We have…
▪ Abstract About two-thirds of primary energy today is used directly as transportation and heating fuels. Any discussion of energy-related issues, such as air pollution, global climate change, and energy supply security, raises the issue of future use of alternative fuels. Hydrogen offers large potential benefits in t…
We show that the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) observed in colossal magnetoresistance manganites is a manifestation of Berry phase effects caused by carrier hopping in a nontrivial spin background. We determine the magnitude and temperature dependence of the Berry phase contribution to the AHE, finding that it increases…
Nanocrystalline metals, i.e., metals in which the grain size is in the nanometer range, have a range of technologically interesting properties including increased hardness and yield strength. We present atomic-scale simulations of the plastic behavior of nanocrystalline copper. The simulations show that the main defor…