Materials Literature
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Carbon nanotube tips (see Figure) with controllable length, diameter, and orientation have been fabricated by the dielectrophoresis process. They are capable of delivering high and stable electron-field-emission currents of 3–5 μA (105 A cm–2). The emitters can potentially be used as the field-emission electron source…
Abstract SnS nanorods and nanoparticles were synthesized by thiourea hydrolysis in an autoclave at 180 °C within a time window of 2 and 8 h, respectively. In the absence of added structure-directing agent, the nanorods formation was attributed to templating characteristic of ammonium ion produced in situ during hydrol…
Abstract We carried out the mechanolysis of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at various mechanical energies and analyzed kinetically the mechanoradical concentration and molecular weight at various mechanical energies. The radical concentration gradually increased to a maximum and then gradually decreased after reaching…
The electronic structures of one-dimensional (1D) halogen-bridged mixed-metal compounds, $[{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{x}{(\mathrm{chxn})}_{2}X]{X}_{2}$ ($\mathrm{chxn}$= cyclohexanediamine; $X=\mathrm{Cl}$,$\mathrm{Br}$; $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}1$), are investigated through o…
Almost absorption- and extinction-free single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data were measured at 150, 200 and 295 K for beta-Si3N4, silicon nitride, at a wavelength of 0.7 A. The true symmetry of this material has been the subject of minor controversy for several decades. No compelling evidence favouring the…
Cerium compound nanowires and nanorings with a layered nanostructure (see Figure), templated by AOT (bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) anions and alkyl alcohol, have been synthesized. Nanowires form in the presence of NaAOT or NaAOT and butyl alcohol. Nanorings form in the presence of NaAOT and octyl alcohol or NaAOT a…
A novel, facile, and reproducible method of fabricating nanocells in thin films (see Figure) has been developed using a fluorinated block copolymer with a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) soluble block as a template. The nanocells have an average spacing of 34 nm and a number density of 9 × 1010 cm–2. The size of…
Although adsorption-induced conformational changes of proteins play an essential role during protein adsorption on interfaces, detailed information about these changes is lacking. To further the current understanding of protein adsorption, in this study, the orientation, conformation, and local stability of bovine alp…
A high-pressure phase of vanadium pentoxide, denoted beta-V2O5, has been prepared at P = 6.0 GPa and T = 1073 K. The crystal structure of beta-V2O5 has been studied by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The V atoms are six-coordinated within distorted VO6 octahe…
Ovocleidin-17 (OC17) from Gallus gallus is one of the best candidates to control and regulate the deposition of calcium carbonate in the calcified eggshell layer. Here, the crystal structure of monomeric OC17, determined at a resolution of 1.5 A, was refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 20.1%. This is the first p…
Cellulose paper and an aqueous‐based, inexpensive TiO 2 precursor, Tyzor‐LA, have been used to prepare TiC via carbothermal reduction in an Ar flow. The hierarchical cellulose structures were completely maintained upon the agglomeration of 10–50 nm TiC nanoparticles. The lattice parameter of TiC increased with increas…
Multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as fillers in polyethylene (PE). Only MWCNTs reduced the heat release rates caused by polymer degradation. MWCNTs can be more effective in heat release reduction than organoclays. The char generated by the filler blend ‘MWCNTs and…
Adsorption isotherms, isosteric heats of adsorption, and neutron diffraction measurements of hydrogen, methane, argon, oxygen, and carbon dioxide adsorbed on single-wall carbon nanotube bundles show that all species, except $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, condense first on high-energy binding sites, such as the grooves…
An emulsion encapsulation and shrinkage technique for producing large quantities of colloidally stable clusters of microspheres (see Figure) is demonstrated. In spite of differences in particle properties and interactions, the sequence of cluster packings remains the same for three different systems, suggesting that t…
We describe a semiconductor multilayer structure based in acoustic phonon cavities and achievable with MBE technology, designed to display acoustic phonon Bloch oscillations. We show that forward and backscattering Raman spectra give a direct measure of the created phononic Wannier-Stark ladder. We also discuss the us…
We consider electron tunneling from a nonmagnetic $n$-type semiconductor ($n$-S) into a ferromagnet (FM) through a very thin forward-biased Schottky barrier resulting in efficient extraction of electron spin from a thin $n$-S layer near FM-S interface at low spin polarization of the current. We show that this effect c…
We present numerical and analytical studies of coupled nonlinear Maxwell and thermal diffusion equations which describe nonisothermal dendritic flux penetration in superconducting films. We show that spontaneous branching of propagating flux filaments occurs due to nonlocal magnetic flux diffusion and positive feedbac…
With a study of bulk GaAs and GaP, we report detailed infrared spectra and their temperature dependence from first principles. Fine features and low-temperature trends in the predicted response are confirmed by experiment. The spectra are calculated from the far-infrared through twice the frequency of the zone-center…
The effect of disorder on the critical properties of the ferromagnetic phase transition in colossal magnetoresistive manganite La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 has been studied by substituting Ga for Mn. It is found that, upon 10% Ga substitution, the peak in the specific heat at the Curie point T_C changes drastically and appears as…
We use considerations of energy balance and dissipation to derive a self-consistent version of the shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of plastic deformation in amorphous solids. The theory is generalized to include arbitrary spatial orientations of STZs. Continuum equations for elasto-plastic material and their en…