Materials Literature
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Liquid crystal modal lenses are switchable lenses with a continuous phase variation across the lens. A critical issue for such lenses is the minimization of phase aberrations. In this paper we present results of a simulation of control signals that have a range of harmonics. Experimental results using optimal sinusoid…
A method for fabricating large-area patterned carbon nanotube field emitters is reported. Carbon nanotube films were prepared by first depositing and patterning a transition metal catalyst film on a substrate and then by heating the substrate in a hydrocarbon atmosphere. The catalytically grown carbon nanotube films h…
Thin films of Li-doped ZnO of different compositions (Zn1−xLix)O, x=0.1, 0.17, and 0.3 have been prepared on Si(100) substrates, with no buffer layer, by the pulsed laser deposition method. Ferroelectric behavior with a memory window of 1.2 V has been observed in capacitance–voltage measurements. The peak maximum in t…
In this paper we show how transmission metallic gratings with very narrow and deep enough slits can exhibit transmission resonances for wavelengths larger than the period of the grating. By using a transfer matrix formalism and a quasi-analytical model based on a modal expansion, we show that there are two possible wa…
Using Brownian dynamics, we simulate the fracture of polymer interfaces reinforced by diblock connector chains. We find that for short chains the interface fracture toughness depends linearly on the degree of polymerization $N$ of the connector chains, while for longer chains the dependence becomes $N^{3/2}$. Based on…
Ferroelectricity was induced in $\mathrm{SrTiO}{}_{3}$ by the isotope exchange of ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ for ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$. Dielectric measurements confirmed the ferroelectricity of $\mathrm{SrTi}{}^{18}\mathrm{O}{}_{3}$, showing a peak at 23 K. A hysteresis loop in the $D$ vs $E$ measurement and TO phonon observed…
Visualization of stress distribution has been realized by a nondestructive mechanoluminescence (ML) from SrAl2O4:Eu, which can emit three magnitudes higher visible light than that of well-known ML substance of quartz. A simulation result confirms that such a ML image successfully reflects the stress distribution. A ki…
Abstract In-situ AC and DC electrochemical techniques were used to determine the corrosion rate and corrosion potential of high purity iron under alternate wet and dry conditions. Comparisons between DC electrochemical measurements and weight loss were also performed to verify the validity of the corrosion rate measur…
Abstract An exposure test programme has been undertaken to investigate the localised corrosion resistance of Alloys 28, 825, G3 and 625 in two simulated sour gas environments at 150°C. The chloride levels in these test environments, containing 30 psi (0.21 MPa) H2S and 101 psi (0.70 MPa) CO2, were 150 ppm and 30,000 p…
Abstract A variety of hydrogen fluoride containing gases, hydrofluoric acid condensates and hydrofluoric acid aqueous solutions are encountered in petrochemical and chemical process applications. A special laboratory test system has been designed to develop stress corrosion cracking and general corrosion data for seve…
Abstract This paper examines the nature of coal ash/flue gas corrosion and factors influencing its degree of aggressiveness. Citing both laboratory and plant experience, the performance of a number of nickel-containing alloys are assessed as to their general performance limits based on corrosion resistance. The role o…
Abstract "Superprotective" corrosion layers, frequently observed in CO2 corrosion tests, can be due to a passivation of the steel surface beneath the porous corrosion layers. By potentiodynamic scans on bare steel in CO2/HCO3− solutions of various pH, an anodic peak and a passive domain are effectively observed. Howev…
Abstract The production of a CO2 flood in the Oklahoma panhandle led to severe corrosion of the carbon steel production tubing and casing. Traditional approaches to chemical corrosion inhibition were unsuccessful. A laboratory study was initiated to determine first the best corrosion inhibitor, and second the optimum…
Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis of blends of a new thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) and poly(ether imide) (PEI) have confirmed the full miscibility of the system over the whole composition range. Annealing of the blends above the glass transition temperature of TPI, but below its crystal…
Abstract A wide range of alloys is being evaluated for use in a new generation of seawater valves for the U.S. Navy. This new generation of valves is being developed to reduce valve life cycle costs and to ensure materials compatibility with advanced seawater piping materials such as commercially pure titanium. Part o…
Abstract Various laboratory methodologies to evaluate corrosion inhibitors are reviewed. Two new methodologies, high-temperature, high-pressure jet impingement (HTHPJI) and high-temperature, high- pressure rotating electrode (HTHPRE), are presented. Flow patterns and hydrodynamic parameters of rotating cage are presen…
Abstract This paper describes methods to predict common mineral scales and corrosion in gas and oil fields. The calculations result from the unification of the scale prediction methods of Oddo and Tomson and the CO2 corrosion prediction methods of de Waard and Lotz (Corrosion 93, Paper No. 69). Background development…
The catalytic effects on the crosslinking behavior of poly(ethylene-co-vinyltrimethoxysilane) were investigated for three different catalysts: the commonly used tin-based compound dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), a low molecular weight carboxylic acid (stearic acid), and a polymer-bound carboxylic acid [ethylene–acrylic…
Abstract The presence of H2S in well fluids imposes severe restrictions on the use of tubular goods because of sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Increasing developments of deep sour wells require high strength OCTG with improved SSC resistance. The appropriate selection of materials for well completion is an important fa…
Characterization of poly(butylene adipate-co-succinate) (PBAS)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) copolyesters resulting from the intermolecular ester-exchange reaction between molten PBAS and PBT have been analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and total o…