Materials Literature
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1 An Introduction to Clay Minerals and Isotope Geochemistry.- 1 Fundamentals of Clay Mineralogy.- 1.1 Definition.- 1.2 Basic Structural Units and Layer Types.- 1.3 Classification of Clay Minerals.- 1.4 Thermodynamic Considerations for Clay Minerals.- 1.5 Clay Separation and Characterization.- 2 Principles of Isotope G…
Model oxide-supported metal catalysts have been prepared by evaporating a metal (e.g., Cu, Pd) onto an oxide ( SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) thin film (~100 Å) which, in turn, is supported on a refractory metal (Mo, W, Ta) surface. The deposited metal films, upon annealing, form small metallic clusters on the oxide surface whose…
The sol–gel process represents a room‐temperature method of producing a wide range of ceramic materials through the formation of a glassy network by the polymerization of suitable monomers. The use of the technique to produce, for example, sonogels, organic‐inorganic composites, NLO glasses, and electrooptical materia…
Abstract It was observed that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) self-assembled monolayer adsorbed on a smooth silver electrode changed by laser light irradiation. The SERS spectra were identical with those of p-aminothiophenol (PATP). This reaction proceeded even at the elect…
The shape memory effect has been observed in several material systems: metals, ceramics and polymers. Mainly metallic systems in which a strain-induced or thermallyinduced martensitic transformation occurs, have been explored. Also, recent discoveries have shown that shape memory effects in specific systems can also b…
New copolymers containing imide and different heterocyclic units such as oxadiazole, benzoxazole, or pyridazine, together with hexafluoroisopropylidene groups, have been synthesized by solution polycondensation of appropriate aromatic diamines with diacid chlorides incorporating preformed imide rings and hexafluoroiso…
Abstract The electrical and optical properties were studied concerning α-(BETS)2I3 and α-(BEDT-STF)2I3, which are isostructural to α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3. It has been shown that α-(BETS)2I3 and α-(BEDT-STF)2I3 undergo metal-insulator transitions at around 50 and 80 K, respectively, and that their electrical resistivities exh…
The electrochemical, electronic, charge-transport, and ion-transport properties of a conducting polymer bilayer, prepared using polypyrrole/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PP/PSS) and poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, optoelectro-chemistry, and a combination of electrochemical and grav…
Abstract SERS spectra of cytosine, 1‐methylcytosine, 5‐methylcytosine and 1,5‐dimethylcytosine on a gold colloid are reported. A tentative assignment of Raman bands is made by comparison with the normal Raman spectra in aqueous solution. This analysis reveals a preferred non‐planar orientation of cytosine and 1‐methyl…
Transition metals can dissociate hydrogen to a surface mobile species called spillover hydrogen ( H so ). Similarly, oxides like α- Sb 2 O 4 , BiPO 4 , Bi 2 O 3 (donors) can dissociate molecular oxygen to a mobile surface species ( O so ). These metals or oxides are conveniently called donors. This article reviews eff…
Abstract Tetraglycidyl 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) undergoes homopolymerization on heating. Intramolecular reactions which compete with crosslinking favor the formation of cyclic structures with increasing thermal and fire resistance of the resin, whereas physical mechanical properties tend to decrease. The me…
Lactic acid has been an intermediate-volume specialty chemical (world production ∼ 40,000 tons/yr) used in a wide range of food processing and industrial applications. Lactic acid has the potential of becoming a very large volume, commodity-chemical intermediate produced from renewable carbohydrates for use as feedsto…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A large quantity of recirculated exhaust gas is used to reduce NOx emissions and improve fuel economy at the same time. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated under the stoichiometric and lean operating conditions and compared with the effect of lean operat…
Theoretical and experimental investigations for a new design of an ultrashort pulsed laser activated electron gun for time resolved surface analysis are described. In addition, a novel electron detection and image analysis system, as it applies specifically to time resolved reflection high-energy electron diffraction…
A marginal gap exists between the amalgam restoration and the cavity walls. At this interface, there is a constant percolation of fluid containing ions, molecules and bacteria. With time, corrosion products of the amalgam components seal the gap at the amalgam/tooth interface. The corrosion processes for conventional…
Low-resistivity (∼2×10 -4 Ω· cm) tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films were deposited at a relatively low substrate temperature ( T s ) of 185° C by two representative low-temperature processes, i.e., dc magnetron sputtering using an oxide target and activated e-beam evaporation. Precise X-ray diffraction (XRD) measureme…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ZSM-5 from Ethanol-Containing Systems. Influence of the Gel CompositionMaria A. Uguina, Antonio de Lucas, Fernando Ruiz, and David P. SerranoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 2, 451–456Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Publishe…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The NO formation is essentially determined by the flame temperature. In an engine the latter depends on the composition of the fuel and the intake gas. In this study the efficiency of various NO reducing measures is analysed by means of a comparison of measurements and computation…
The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content on the survival of wild-type strains and PHB negative mutants of Bacillus megaterium and Alcaligenes eutrophus in natural waters was studied. The survival strategy of B. megaterium was dominated by the development of resistant forms, but the number of the wild-type v…
The velocity dependence of the partition coefficient was measured for rapid solidification of polycrystalline Si-4.5 at% As and Si-9 at% As alloys induced by pulsed laser melting. The results constitute the first test of partitioning models both for the high velocity regime and for non-dilute alloys. The continuous gr…