Materials Literature
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Electrochromic, crystalline WO3 films have been deposited on glass substrates at ambient temperature by an oxygen-ion-assisted technique using oxygen ion energies ≥300 eV and oxygen ion to vapor molecule (WO3) ratios, γ≥2.5. After lithiation, the resulting LixWO3 films exhibited >50% reflectivity in the near in…
We report the first full band-structure calculation of the linear optical properties of strained (Si${)}_{\mathit{n}}$/(Ge${)}_{\mathit{n}}$ superlattices on Si(001) substrates for n=2,3,4. We use a semi--ab initio minimal basis orthogonalized linear combination of Gaussian orbitals technique, in conjunction with a li…
The ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$\ensuremath{\rightleftarrows}${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ energy transfers have been studied in both Tm-doped and (Tm,Ho)-doped indium-based fluoride glasses over a wide temperature range for several dopant concentrations. The regime…
The electronic structure of Pd clusters deposited on polycrystalline graphite has been investigated by x-ray photoemission, Auger spectroscopy, and bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy. Initial- and final-state shifts of energy levels as a function of the average cluster size R are small, but important modifications…
The resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistivity of copper and nickel thin films used as high-density interconnections in hybrid packages have been measured in the temperature interval 298–723 K. The effects of film thickness, deposition conditions, and postdeposition anneal were analyzed in detail. Minimum…
A general Jones matrix representation for an arbitrary pretilt twisted nematic (TN) cell at any given applied voltage is obtained. A simplified Jones matrix representation for the high pretilt TN cell at the field-off state is derived from this general Jones matrix representation. The validity of this simplified repre…
Self-propagating explosive reactions can occur in multilayer thin films. Explosive silicidation in nickel/amorphous-silicon multilayer thin films has been investigated using a combination of high-speed photography, high-speed temperature measurements, plan-view transmission electron microscopy, and thin film x-ray dif…
With use of x-ray standing waves in UHV and synchrotron radiation, the early stages of growth of ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ on Si(111) were investigated. A new and subtle arrangement of the Si(111)/${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ interface emerges from this study. For deposition at high substrate temperatures, the first monolayer of $…
We have performed an extensive set of first-principles self-consistent-field (SCF) pseudopotential total-energy and force calculations for Si(001)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) and -(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surfaces to arrive at an optimized model for the 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 sur…
The lowest excited electronic state of small CdSe crystallites is calculated within a tight-binding approximation. Two types of crystal shape and a spatially varying dielectric constant are considered. The results are found to compare favorably to recent experiments.
Molecular dynamics computer simulations are reported here for the structures and energies of monolayer and bilayer films of ammonia adsorbed on the basal plane of graphite. A pair-wise additive intermolecular potential function is used that includes electrostatic interactions by distributions of discrete charges withi…
We report the far-infrared through visible photoinduced absorption (PA) spectra of polyaniline in the emeraldine-base and leucoemeraldine-base forms. The direct-absorption spectrum of emeraldine base (EB) has a broad absorption centered at 2 eV (the ``exciton'' band) and an absorption band at \ensuremath{\sim}3.6 eV (…
A detailed vibrational analysis of the infrared and Raman spectra of doped and pristine polypyrrole is presented. The theory of the effective conjugation coordinate is applied and fully justifies the observed spectra. The information on the structure and properties of this material derived from the proposed analysis a…
The interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of pristine polypyrrole as 1-d lattice is presented as the result of lattice dynamical calculations. Geometries and vibrational force fields are derived from semiempirical quantum chemical calculations and/or from the optical spectra of oligomers. This paper lays th…
Vacuum-ultraviolet reflectance and photoemission spectra of ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{6}$${\mathrm{O}}_{13}$, and ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ are measured in order to investigate the 3d-band structures and electron-correlation effects. In the case of ${\mathrm{V…
Substituent, Heteroatom, and Solvent Effects on the Thermal‐Bleaching Kinetics and Absorption Spectra of Photomerocyanines Issued from Spiro[indoline‐oxazines] Quantitative information useful for the development of new photochromic systems is obtained from the study of heteroatom and substituent effects on the thermal…
Recently the authors developed an atmospheric-pressure glow discharge plasma method which can be applied to surface treatment and deposition on insulating surfaces for purposes of large-scale system treatment. However, this method was not able to treat metallic substrates. Consequently, they have improved the upper el…
The structure of stoichiometric (s) silver beta alumina, Ag 1-x Al 11 O 17+x 2/; x=0.0, prepared via hydrogen reduction of a non-stoichiometric (NS) material with x=0.45 has been determined at 25 degrees C, 300 degrees C and 500 degrees C by Rietveld analyses of powder neutron diffraction data. In contrast to the sing…
Abstract The diatom data used for reconstructing pH within the Surface Water Acidification Project (SWAP) came from several different laboratories. The laboratories used agreed nomenclature and standardized identifications by using quality control techniques. A diatom database (disco) stored and processed counts and s…
Epitaxial layers of GaAs have been grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) with atomic carbon concentrations ranging from 4×1017 to 3.5×1020 cm−3. The dependences of GaAs lattice parameter and hole concentration on atomic carbon concentration have been determined from x-ray diffraction, Hall effect, and s…