Materials Literature
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The Building Research Establishment have been involved in two different types of pressure extension tests.In this paper the two groups of results have been brought together, and the effect of both on future designs of protective measures for new buildings considered.In one study the pressure field due to a central sum…
Anions have been shown to play a dominant role in the crystallization of chicken egg-white lysozyme from salt solutions. Previous studies employing X-ray crystallography have found one chloride ion binding site in the tetragonal crystal form of the protein and four nitrate ion binding sites in the monoclinic form. In…
The stress-strain curves of single crystals under uniaxial tensile deformation are obtained for the whole deformation process by atomistic molecular statics simulations. Effects of model sizes, boundary conditions, crystal orientations and displacement increment on the stress-strain curves are investigated. Various de…
Finite element analysis was used to estimate thermal residual stresses developed in silicon nitride bodies bonded by metallic interlayers. Stresses were calculated for various characteristic metals, namely, Ni, Al, and Si, assuming elastic and elastic‐plastic behavior. The relative importance of the metal properties,…
For the first time, a series of cholesteric copolymers containing combined chiral photochromic side groups has been synthesized and the phase behaviour and optical properties of the copolymers have been characterized. Specific features of the photochemical and photo-optical behaviour of such systems were studied, and…
Observations of a novel case of capillary-induced phase separations (CIPS), which we judge to be of considerable practical significance, is reported. A long-range attractive force was observed between mica in mixed aqueous semidilute solutions of dextran and poly(ethylene oxide). The result was found to be similar to…
Abstract Selectivity coefficients are essential to describe the distribution of cations between the exchange and solution phases of soil. Because the factors influencing Ca‐Mg exchange have not been adequately defined, models commonly incorporate the dubious assumption that soils do not discriminate between these two…
Abstract Results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry have been used to develop a macro‐kinetic model for the crystallization behavior of semicrystalline polymeric materials. Our model, which takes into account the effects of induction time, final degree of crystallinity and secondary crystallization, describ…
The compounds of the Sr 2 Nb 2 O 7 (SNO) family are suitable for use as ferroelectric materials for ferroelectric memory field effect transistors (FETs), because these substances have a low dielectric constant, low coercive field and high heat-resistance. In this study, we succeeded in preparing Sr 2 (Ta,Nb) 2 O 7 (ST…
The lifetime and degradation mechanism of the multilayer ceramic actuator (MCA) were studied. The effects of temperature, humidity and load on the lifetime of the MCA under high DC or 50 Hz unipolar AC voltages are discussed. The logarithm of the lifetime had a linear relationship with the logarithm of the electric fi…
A series of side chain dendritic polymers (SCDP) was produced by copolymerization of dendritic diols of the second, third, and fourth generation with four different semirigid and flexible diisocyanates. The polymerization reactions were conducted both in solution and in bulk. The degree of polymerization and molecular…
Canonical loops of protein inhibitors of serine proteinases occur in proteins having completely different folds. In this article, conformations of the loops have been analyzed for inhibitors belonging to 10 structurally different families. Using deviation in Calpha-Calpha distances as a criterion for loop similarity,…
The four-membered β-butyrolactone (BL) was polymerized using a ring-opening polymerization reaction with lipase as a catalyst at a temperature between 60 and 100 °C to yield the corresponding cyclic and linear poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s [P(3HB)] with weight-average molecular weights of up to 7300. Among the tested lipas…
Single crystals of γ-Ti-54.5at.% Al with two different orientations have been deformed between room temperature and 1223K. Both exhibit a yield stress anomaly. The operating slip systems and dislocation structure have been determined by optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the dissociation of the [011] su…
The influence of the microstructure evolution on electrical properties as a parameter of the firing temperature was studied for materials in the BaTiO 3 (BT)–MgO–Ln 2 O 3 (Ln=Ho and Dy) system. The sintering behavior and the formation of the core-shell structure were dependent on the kind of doped rare earth elements.…
The magnetic properties of the ball-milled nanocrystalline fcc phase of FeRh alloys are reported and discussed. The observed features (maximum of ac and zero-field cooling susceptibility at a temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{max}}$ weakly dependent on the frequency and on the applied field) suggest a progressive blocking of…
In this paper, the feasibility of automatic least-squares refinement of a Monte Carlo model of a disordered structure by quantitative comparison of its calculated diffraction pattern with observed diffuse scattering data is demonstrated. At each stage of the refinement, the goodness-of fit parameter χ2 is used as a qu…
Abstract Secondary electron imaging is not possible in the variable pressure scanning electron microscope because the mean free path of the secondaries in the gas is too short to permit them to reach the detector. This paper therefore investigates an alternative strategy for producing an image containing significant a…
Wetting and reactions between molten Al and silicate substrates (particularly mullite) are studied to determine both how substrate tensity and p (O 2 ) influence wetting behavior, reaction rates, composition, and reaction product microstructure and what key steps control penetration kinetics. Guidelines are provided f…
The crystal structure of a Zn-Mg-Y hexagonal phase, considered to be related to that of the quasicrystalline phase, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The atomic model, refined to a final R value of 0.027, has the composition Zn65.22Mg27.92Y6.86 and 92 atoms in a unit cell with lattice constants…