Materials Literature
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Sol‐gel derived high surface area carbon‐ruthenium xerogels were prepared from carbonized resorcinol‐formaldehyde resins containing an electrochemically active form of ruthenium oxide. The electrochemical capacitance of these materials increased with an increase in the ruthenium content indicating the presence of pseu…
Characterization of microstructures containing small grains or low-angle grain boundaries by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) is limited by the spatial and angular resolution limits of the technique. It was found that the best effective spatial resolution (60 nm) for aluminium alloys in a tungsten-filament sc…
The design and synthesis of a new dendrimer–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate that may be used as a model drug carrier are described. The starting material is a polyether dendrimer with two different types of chain end functionalities. The dendritic assembly is made water soluble through attachment of short PEG ch…
Iron and cobalt porphyrins (FeP and CoP) are utilized as electron-transfer mediators to effect photochemical reduction of CO 2 in homogeneous solutions. The species that activate and reduce CO 2 are the Fe 0 P and Co 0 P formed by reduction of the starting materials. Reduction of the metalloporphyrins (MP) is achieved…
Heteroepitaxial BaTiO 3 films of various thicknesses ranging from 12 nm to 79 nm were prepared on SrRuO 3 /SrTiO 3 substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering employing a two-step deposition technique, and the crystallographic and ferroelectric properties of the heteroepitaxial films were evaluated. A ferroelec…
High‐temperature piezoelectric ceramics based on W 6+ ‐doped Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (W‐BIT) were prepared by both the conventional mixing oxides and the chemical coprecipitation methods. Sintering was carried out between 800° and 1150°C in air. A rapid densification, >99% of the theoretical density (rho th ) at 900°C/2 h,…
In this article we present a detailed study of the electronic structure from various Mn-based Heusler alloys using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) techniques. Performing the measurements on the Mn-$2p$ core levels as well as on the valence-band states we arrive at a more or…
Sorption to mineral surfaces is an important process controlling the mobility and stability of natural organic matter (NOM) in soil, yet only knowledge of the reversibility of this process enables the prediction of element cycling and NOM‐induced transport in soils. We have elucidated the desorption of mineral‐bound N…
1,2-Bis(2-methyl-6-nitro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene was found to undergo a reversible photochromic reaction in the single-crystalline phase. Upon irradiation with 366-nm light, the single crystal turned green with keeping the crystal shape. The colored crystal showed dichroism. When the crystal was rot…
Diatoms are a group of unicellular microalgae that are encased in a highly ornamented siliceous cell wall, or frustule. Pennate diatoms have bilateral symmetry and many genera possess an elongated slit in the frustule called the raphe, a feature synonymous with their ability to adhere and glide over a substratum, a pr…
The vibrational modes of carbon nanotubes and nanoropes are studied. The Raman and infrared active modes are determined for armchair, zigzag, and chiral nanotubes. High-energy Raman and infrared modes exhibit distinct characteristic patterns for armchair, zigzag, and chiral tubes. In the nanorope the intertube interac…
We observe three distinct behavioral states in field emission from single-walled carbon nanotubes between temperatures of 300 and 1800 K. At room temperature, nanotubes emit through adsorbate states correlated to the presence of water. These states are removed above 900 K. After adsorbate removal, the apparently clean…
The water content in multilayers made from poly(styrenesulfonate) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was determined using infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Under ambient conditions the polyelectrolyte multilayer contains 10−20 wt % water, which is removed by heating under dry conditions t…
Organically and bio-organically doped sol−gel materials have attracted much attention due to their ability to reproduce solution molecular activities within the ceramic environment. We take now this methodology one step forward and explore conditions under which the dopant properties can be modified by the matrix. Spe…
By combining the results of magnetization, resistivity, and neutron powder-diffraction data for stoichiometric ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ we have constructed a phase diagram that describes the magnetic, transport, and structural properties and the relationships among them as…
Glycine betaine is mostly known as an osmoprotectant. It is involved in the osmotic adaptation of eukaryotic and bacterial cells, and accumulates up to 1 M inside cells subjected to an osmotic upshock. Since, like other osmolytes, it can act as a protein stabilizer, its thermoprotectant properties were investigated. I…
We report a new morphology in a poly(isoprene- block -styrene- block -dimethylsiloxane) ABC triblock copolymer. The most probable symmetry of the morphology ( Ia 3̄ d ) was determined from two-dimensional SAXS measurements performed on a sample with long-range order induced by an oscillatory shear field. By comparing…
Dense CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBT) and Na 0.475 Ca 0.05 Bi 4.475 Ti 4 O 15 (NCBT) ceramics with a highly preferred {001} orientation were prepared by the reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) method. Plate-like Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BIT) particles were synthesized by a molten salt technique and used as the reactive template. The…
Studies of the crystallization, melting, and morphology of random ethylene/1-octene copolymers by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy are presented. Two different crystallization mechanisms prevalent in separate temperature ranges are inferred from the effect of cooling rate…
A model photosynthetic antenna consisting of four covalently linked zinc tetraarylporphyrins, (P ZP ) 3 −P ZC, has been joined to a free base porphyrin-fullerene artificial photosynthetic reaction center, P−C 60, to form a (P ZP ) 3 −P ZC −PC 60 hexad. As revealed by time-resolved absorption and emission studies, exci…