Materials Literature
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Thermoluminescence dosimetry is extensively used for quantitative dose measurements in various irradiation fields such as dosimetry of brachytherapy sources. In this application, small doses on the order of 0.5 cGy must be accurately measured, which requires careful control of instrumentation, energy-dependence, and n…
We show that a nonequilibrium cation distribution is the likely explanation for the 47-K rise in the Curie temperature of ultrafine ${\mathrm{MnFe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ particles found by Kulkarni et al. This nonequilibrium cation distribution is argued to be caused, in part, by oxidation of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ to…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Molten Helix: Effects of Solvation on the .alpha.- to 310-Helical TransitionMark L. Smythe, Shawn E. Huston, and Garland R. MarshallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 20, 5445–5452Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Publ…
Ultrasonic velocity in glasses denoted by the composition formula x 2 Li 2 O·(1- x 2 ) B 2 O 3 ( x 2 is the mole fraction) is measured over the composition range 0≤ x 2 ≤0.28 at 10 MHz and 298 K by the ultrasonic pulse-echo overlap method. The elastic property of the glasses is analyzed in terms of the three structura…
Abstract Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are presented for the Fried‐Binder model of block copolymer melts, where polymer chains are represented as self and mutually avoiding walks on a simple cubic lattice, and monomer units of different kind (A, B) repel each other if they are nearest neighbors (ε AB > 0). Choo…
We report on the effect of high pressure on the room-temperature emission spectra and lifetimes of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$:GSGG (${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sc}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$) and ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$:GGG (${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$). In both systems we observ…
Grain growth of ZnO in liquid‐phase‐sintered ZnO‐Bi 2 O 3 ceramics containing systematic additions of TiO 2 to the 0.55 wt% level has been studied for flring in air from 900° to 1400°C. The Bi 2 O 3 melts during flring, and then the TiO 2 dissolves into the Bi 2 O 3 ‐rich liquid. The TiO 2 initially reacts with the Bi…
We report the use of rigorous coupled-wave diffraction analysis in conjunction with the simulated annealing optimization method for performing optimal design of binary-level surface-relief diffractive elements with subwavelength, submicrometer features that exhibit quasi-linear-phase transmittance. An element designed…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTM Investigation of 2D Crystals of Anthrone Derivatives on Graphite: Analysis of Molecular Structure and DynamicsA. Stabel, R. Heinz, J. P. Rabe, G. Wegner, F. C. De Schryver, D. Corens, W. Dehaen, and C. SuelingCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 21, 8690–8697Publication D…
Iron poly- and oligocrystals with a carbon mass content of 0.02 % were cold rolled to a technical strain () of 90 % and annealed at 1000 K in a salt bath furnace for 1 to 300 s. The polycrystals had an initial grain size of about 20 μm. The oligocrystals consisted of 20–40 grains with a longitudinal extension of 10–20…
Many advantages of ferroelectric compositions in the lead zirconate:lead titanate (PZT) solid solutions for both sensing and actuation are explored. The state of understanding of both intrinsic single domain and extrinsic domain wall and phase boundary contribution to response is described, and the composition manipul…
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an optically active polymer of D(−)3-hydroxybutyric acid. It is a naturally occurring polymer produced by a wide variety of bacteria. It serves as an intracellular storage material for carbon and energy and is accumulated as granules within the cytoplasm [1–4] of the bacteria. The chemical…
The interaction of atomic oxygen with a Ru(001) surface was studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal desorption, and electron diffraction. The onset of the reaction of dissolved oxygen with the Ru host starts only for equivalent oxygen coverages higher than 50 monolayers (ML). A new Ru 3d core level shi…
The SrTiO3(110) surface, after annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) was observed by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S). These observations were compared with the ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data previously reported. The surface, after annealing…
Abstract This paper describes the effects that a low‐power plasma (<1 W) has on the chemistry, topography and surface energy of polyethylene (PE) film. The gases used for treating the film were air and nitrogen. The plasma cell was attached directly to the preparation chamber of an x‐ray photoelectron spectrometer,…
A pulsed beam of hyperthermal fluorine atoms with an average translational energy of 4.8 eV has been used to demonstrate anisotropic etching of Si. For 1.4 Hz operation, a room-temperature etch rate of 300 Å/min for Si(100) has been measured at a distance of 30 cm from the source. A 14% undercutting for room-temperatu…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyaminophosphine Containing Dendrimers. Syntheses and CharacterizationChristophe Galliot, Delphine Prevote, Anne-Marie Caminade, and Jean-Pierre MajoralCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 20, 5470–5476Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published on…
We have studied the static electricity and optical retardation generated by rubbing the surfaces of polyimide (PI) and polyamide (PA) films. The static electricity increases with the Rubbing Strength (RS) and varies with the different PI films. We also investigated how the differences in the rubbing fabric affects the…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDensity functional theory prediction of the second-order hyperpolarizability of metalloporphinesNobuyuki Matsuzawa, Masafumi Ata, and David A. DixonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 19, 7698–7706Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May…
An extensive study of electrical resistivity, ac magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, and NMR has been made on high purity samples of the spinel compounds ${\mathrm{CuRh}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{CuRh}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$. The superconducting transitions occur at 4.70 K in ${\mathrm…