Materials Literature
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In this study, the results of experimental and analytical study on shape control of a composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy wire actuators are presented. The effects of the reactive moment of the SMA wire actuators on the shape control test are observed in detail. In shape control of a flexible composite str…
The stability, efficiency, speed, and spectral range of light-emitting devices (LEDs) made of nanoscale porous silicon is improving. The first part of this paper discusses the preparation and properties of nanoscale silicon, with emphasis on porous silicon. In the second part, the properties of LEDs made of porous sil…
The cumulative failure distributions of fatigue life of cast alloys is shown to be characterised by a number of distinct platforms and steps. A technique to demonstrate the existence of an ultimate step has been discovered. This illustrates for the first time that some current cast aluminium alloys are, at best, only…
This paper aims to draw attention to the need to better know and understand Mexican saline lakes. It does this by outlining their distribution, abundance and location and their physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The influence of climatic factors on saline lakes is discussed. To sharpen the focus of the…
The macroscopic flow and detailed microphysics of a concentrated emulsion are described with three-dimensional numerical simulations. Numerical predictions for deformable drop interactions in shear-flow are in very close agreement to direct microscopic measurements. The results illustrate that drop deformation stabili…
The photoisomerization of azo dyes in nematic liquid crystals is investigated. Using a pump-probe technique, the absorption coefficients of the trans and cis isomers are evaluated separately and the dye order parameters of both forms are determined. It is shown that as a consequence of the difference of the trans and…
Nanocrystalline and nanoporous ceramics, renowned for their special transport properties, have typical applications in the fields of energy, the environment, and separation technology. One example is a solid oxide fuel cell, where an anode with improved characteristics was obtained by an optimized nanoscale porous com…
Molecular dynamics is used to simulate nematic liquid crystal structures confined to a submicron cylindrical cavity. Molecules, fixed at the lattice points, are set to interact via a modified induced-dipole--induced-dipole type coupling. Stability regions of characteristic nematic structures are determined as function…
Abstract Characteristics of aged polymers intended for material recycling are emphasized. Specific material properties of aged recyclates, containing new functional groups formed during processing and first‐life application (structural polymer inhomogeneities) and metallic compounds, pigments or compounds generated fr…
In the hopes of helping the discovery of a really biaxial nematic phase in the thermotropic liquid crystal family, we give a brief review on the experimental methods available for proving biaxiality in oriented or disoriented samples. We discuss the relative advantages and problems that arise with the biaxial tests ba…
Abstract In this paper, I provide a theoretical basis for a practical approach to measuring the pressure field of an air gun array and present an algorithm for computing its wavefield from pressure measurements made at known positions in the vicinity of the gun ports. The theory for the oscillations of a single bubble…
Large ATP-dependent proteolytic complexes carry out the majority of intracellular proteolysis. To begin to understand the function of these proteases at a structural level, we have combined the information from a number of biophysical techniques such as electron microscopy (EM), small-angle scattering, and x-ray cryst…
In this paper, a new calculation method of the atomic flux divergence used to predict the formation of electromigration-induced void is proposed by considering two-dimensional distributions of current density and temperature and also simply considering the line structure of not only polycrystalline, but also bamboo li…
The unsolved problem of plastic waste utilization has led to a great interest in the development of studies of accelerated degradation of polymers. In this work the course of photo-oxidative degradation of some water soluble polymers such as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) and poly(vinylpyrrolid…
Although NiO is often considered the classic example of an antiferromagnetic insulator, recent investigations have revealed unexplained features of the magnon spectrum. The present study of the temperature and polarization behavior of first-order magnetic Raman scattering reveals that the polarization selection rules…
New liquid crystalline 1,3,5-triazines are presented that incorporate three mesogenic groups based on rod-like azobenzene moieties. The synthesis was carried out by reaction of cyanuric chloride with 4-alkoxy-4-aminoazobenzene derivatives. The mesomorphic behaviour was investigated by polarizing microscopy, differenti…
The starting mechanisms and dynamics of laser-induced bubble formation at a submerged fiber tip in distilled water were experimentally investigated using pressure measurements and fast flash videography. A fiber guided Ho:YAG laser operating in the free running (τ=200 μs) and Q-switched (τ=45 ns) mode at a wavelength…
The WLF approach is appropriate for lifetime predictions when polymer ageing is controlled by a viscoelastic process (relaxation, creep). This methodology using time/temperature shift will be illustrated by the creep of SBR/NR. When physico-chemical mechanisms are dominant, the Arrhenius approach is the most widely us…
The long-range interface correlation in thin polymer films (polystyrene and fully brominated polystyrene) prepared by spin-coating is examined. Using diffuse X-ray scattering at small angles of incidence, the roughness correlation which dominates the surface morphology of the polymer film is probed from mesoscopic dow…
Enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic phosphate (ethylene isopropyl phosphate) was achieved in bulk by using porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) as a catalyst. It was found that the higher the polymerization temperature and lipase concentration, the faster is the polymerization rate. The yield is not very…