Materials Literature
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We demonstrate that the thermal expansion behavior of a material can be substantially modified by the presence of residual stresses. In the case of a composite tube made of two layers of dissimilar steels, in situ neutron diffraction measurements revealed a significant difference in the coefficients of thermal expansi…
Micro-Raman spectroscopy is utilized to study the temperature dependence of domain structures in a high-quality BaTiO3 bulk crystal. For T=4–100 K, the spectra of the initially 90° domain wall region at room temperature exhibit the splitting of A1 mode at ∼244 cm−1 with the appearance of an additional peak at ∼263 cm−…
A significant improvement in the dynamic response time of the in-plane switching nematic liquid crystal mode, useful in flat-panel display applications, is achieved through polymer stabilization. This improvement is achieved by introducing a low-density, stabilizing polymer network that causes the nematic director to…
The electrical conduction behaviors of sol-gel derived Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films on Pt electrodes were analyzed based on a fully depleted film, thermionic field emission, and space charge limited conduction model in the low and high electric field regions, respectively. For films having thicknesses ranging from 15…
X-ray and neutron scattering measurements directly demonstrate the existence of polarons in the paramagnetic phase of optimally doped colossal magnetoresistive oxides. The polarons exhibit short-range correlations that grow with decreasing temperature, but disappear abruptly at the ferromagnetic transition because of…
We report on a femtosecond-resolution study of the plasmon fields in gold nanoparticles using third-harmonic generation. Controlled resonant and off-resonant plasmon excitation is achieved by tailoring the nanoparticle sample by an electron-beam-lithographic method. Comparing the measured third order interferometric a…
We use the doped Fullerenes as an example of how realistic systems can be described by simple models. Starting from the band structure we set up a tight-binding model that describes the t_{1u} conduction band. Adding correlation terms we arrive at a generalized Hubbard Hamiltonian that we treat using quantum Monte Car…
Numerical integration of a stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is used to study dynamic processes in single-domain nanoscale magnets at nonzero temperatures. Special attention is given to including thermal fluctuations as a Langevin term, and the Fast Multipole Method is used to calculate dipole-dipole interac…
We describe a way of generating films (<2 mm2; <40 μm thick) of aligned Fe-filled carbon nanotubes. These Fe nanowires are usually composed of single Fe crystals, and have dimensions from 5–40 nm outer diameter and <10 μm in length. The carbon tubes, which coat the wires, have external diameters o…
We have isolated a new matrix protein family (N16) which is specific to the nacreous layer of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, and have cloned and characterized the cDNAs coding for the components. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that N16 showed no definitive homology with other protein…
The optical and structural properties of high-quality single-crystal epitaxial MgZnO films deposited by pulsed-laser deposition were studied. In films with up to ∼36 at. % Mg incorporation, we have observed intense ultraviolet band edge photoluminescence at room temperature and 77 K. The highly efficient photoluminesc…
We describe a numerical implementation of self-consistent mean field theory for block copolymers that requires no assumption of the mesophase symmetry. The method is amenable to massively parallel screening of self-assembly in complex block copolymer systems, characterized by high-dimensional parameter spaces. We illu…
Epitaxial thin films of an oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor, Mn-doped ZnO, were fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition technique. Solubility of Mn into ZnO exceeds thermal equilibrium limit as a result of nonequilibrium film growth process. As Mn content is increased, the lattice constants of both a and c axes of w…
We demonstrate the detection of molecular vibrations in single hemoglobin (Hb) protein molecules attached to isolated and immobilized silver nanoparticles by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A comparison between calculation and experiment indicates that electromagnetic field effects dominate the surface enhan…
Polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends were prepared by melt mixing, without or with the addition of a suitable commercial product, a polypropylene grafted with 1% maleic anhydride, used as an interfacial modifier. The oxygen permeation through their films was studied as a function of temperature and the effect of the prese…
Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) terpolymers were prepared using either vanadium (VOCl3/Al2Et3Cl3) or zirconocene (Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO) catalyst systems. Residual metal contents in EPDM films were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Metallocene catalyst systems exhibited a higher activity, produ…
This work experimentally and theoretically determines the molecular macrostructure of the polymer mixture that is developed (at relatively low conversions) in a solution polymerization of styrene (St) in presence of polybutadiene (PB). The reaction was carried out at 70°C in a batch-stirred tank reactor. From samples…
ABS was melt grafted with maleic anhydride at three different levels of 1, 2, and 3 wt %. These three different modified ABSs were melt blended with polycarbonate using a single-screw extruder to choose a suitable maleic anhydride grafting level on ABS for better performance. For the compatibility study, binary blends…
A series of novel triblock copolymers, consisting of a poly(ethylene glycol) center block joined by two blocks of random L-lactide/glycolide copolymers, are synthesized and their characteristics (spectral, thermal, and mechanical) determined. Polymer compositions and structures are assessed via 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spec…
Two methods of obtaining electrically conductive fabrics by in situ polymerization of aniline were compared. Conductive fabrics were prepared by immersing the nylon 6 fabrics in 100% aniline or an aqueous hydrochloride solution of aniline followed by initiating successive polymerization in a separate bath (DPSB) or in…