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Materials Literature
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Observation of nano-clustered calcite growth via a transient phase mediated by organic polyanions: A close match for biomineralization
We present a process of organic polyanion-mediated CaCO 3 precipitation similar to biomineralization. Detailed insight into the formation pathway of nano-structured calcite crystals was gained through direct observation with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Essentially depending on a minimum saturation state, a prima…
Bioactive technologies for hemocompatibility
The contact of any biomaterial with blood gives rise to multiple pathophysiologic defensive mechanisms such as activation of the coagulation cascade, platelet adhesion and activation of the complement system and leukocytes. The reduction of these events is of crucial importance for the successful clinical performance…
Anionic Polysaccharide Sorption by Clay Minerals
An influence of clay mineral composition on C turnover in surface soils is widely assumed but poorly documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various clay minerals on polysaccharide sorption under different environmental conditions, including pH, ionic strength, and cation type. Xanthan, a…
Crystal Structure of an Iron-Dependent Group III Dehydrogenase That Interconvertsl-Lactaldehyde andl-1,2-Propanediol inEscherichia coli
The FucO protein, a member of the group III "iron-activated" dehydrogenases, catalyzes the interconversion between L-lactaldehyde and L-1,2-propanediol in Escherichia coli. The three-dimensional structure of FucO in a complex with NAD(+) was solved, and the presence of iron in the crystals was confirmed by X-ray fluor…
Development of Multi Faraday Cup Assembly for Ion Beam Measurements from a Low Energy Plasma Focus Device
A multiple Faraday cup assembly has been developed for measuring pulsed ion beam of a low energy plasma focus device. The Faraday cups operating in biased ion collector mode have nanosecond response and these have been used to determine the energy spectrum and flux of fast nitrogen ion beam emerging out of the pinched…
Unusual mesomorphic behaviour of new bent‐core mesogens derived from 4‐cyanoresorcinol
New five‐ring bent‐core mesogens derived from 4‐cyanoresorcinol as the central core have been synthesized. The mesophases were assigned by polarizing microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and electro‐optical measurements. It was found that the mesophase behaviour clearly depends on the direction of the carboxyl linking groups…
Observations of Barnacle Detachment from Silicones using High-Speed Video
The detachment of barnacles (under shear and tensile loads) from silicone was investigated with the aid of high-speed digital video recording. A handheld probe was used to apply loads to the shells of barnacles attached to three clear silicone-elastomer coatings of known thickness applied to glass plates. The tests we…
Density Functional Theory Study of Optical Transitions in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
We present a density functional theory study of optical transitions in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. We utilize recently developed exchange-correlation functionals in a set of 21 tubes that includes large and chiral nanotubes. The novel TPSSh meta-generalized gradient approximation hybrid functional a…
Small Things and Big Changes in the Developing World
Nanoscience and nanotechnology have been embraced by developing countries with governmental support--a paradigm shift in science-based development strategies. In this Policy Forum, the authors describe the trends and urge alliances between North and South (without favoring the wealthy consumers) and with the least-dev…
Modeling the Stress-Strain Behavior of Rubber
Abstract This review focuses on models for rubber that have been used to solve practical problems, either analytically or through the use of finite element analysis (FEA). The emphasis is on the mathematical structure of fully three dimensional models and the scope of behavior that they describe. The mechanisms that a…
Electron transport in ZnO thin films
Epitaxial n-type ZnO films grown by a laser molecular-beam epitaxy method were investigated by the temperature-dependent Hall-effect technique. The 300 K carrier concentration and mobility were about n(s) similar to 10(16) cm(-3) and 440 cm(2)/V s, respectively. Transport characteristics are calculated by solving the…
Robust TaNx diffusion barrier for Cu-interconnect technology with subnanometer thickness by metal-organic plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Ta N x diffusion barriers with good barrier properties at subnanometer thickness were deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) from pentakis(dimethylamino)Ta. Hydrogen and/or nitrogen plasma was used as reactants to produce TaNx thin films with a different nitrogen content. The film properties inc…
Synthesis, Reactivity, and Characterization of Amine Bis(phenolate) Lanthanide Complexes and Their Application in the Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone
A series of amine bis(phenolato)lanthanide methyl and amido complexes were synthesized by general salt metathesis reaction in this paper. The reaction of anhydrous lanthanide trichlorides with 1 equiv of sodium amine bis(phenolate) LNa 2 [L = Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N{CH 2 -(2-O-C 6 H 2 -Bu t 2 -3,5)} 2 ] in THF at room tempe…
The effect of temperature and concentration on the self-organized pore formation in anodic alumina
Nanosize pore arrays, which have been prepared by the self-organization process of aluminium anodic oxidation, were investigated quantitatively using fast Fourier transformation analysis of scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The results show that the temperature influences the pore domain size and the best self…
Surface electronic states in three-dimensional SnO2 nanostructures
The electronic structure of three-dimensional nanostructures (aerogels) is studied by soft x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. High-resolution O -edge and Sn - and -edge XANES spectra of monolithic nanocrystalline rutile aerogels with different surface areas (i.e., different surface-to-volume at…
High-permittivity core/shell stuctured NiO-based ceramics and their dielectric response mechanism
High-permittivity dielectric core/shell structured NiO-based ceramics (LSNO) have been successfully prepared. All the LSNO ceramic samples sintered exhibit high dielectric properties, and the dielectric constant reaches about $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ for the LSNO-1 sample. The concentration of S…
Carbon nanotubes for clean energy applications
The issue of the sustainability of energy supply has attracted worldwide concern given the rapid depletion of fossil energy sources amid increasingly worsening environmental pollution and the drive to develop alternative, environment-friendly, renewable energy sources and energy carriers to secure our energy supply an…
Domain engineering of the transverse piezoelectric coefficient in perovskite ferroelectrics
The transverse piezoelectric coefficient d31⋆ has been calculated for the six domain-engineered structures occurring in perovskite single crystals, using data for rhombohedral PMN-33PT [0.67Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3-0.33PbTiO3], orthorhombic potassium niobate (KNbO3), tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3), and tetragonal lead ti…
Tetrathiafulvalene in a Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)-Based Dyad: A New Reversible Fluorescence-Redox Dependent Molecular System
A donor-acceptor dyad system involving tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as donor attached by a flexible spacer to perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) as acceptor was synthesized and characterized. The strategy used the preliminary synthesis of an unsymmetrical PDI unit bearing an alcohol functionality as anchor group.…