Materials Literature
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A Schottky contact consisting of a semiconducting ferroelectric material and a high work function metal shows a bistable conduction characteristic. An on/off ratio of about 2 orders of magnitude was obtained in a structure consisting of a 0.2 \ensuremath{\mu}m ferroelectric PbTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ film, a Au Schottky c…
We have formed strained dielectric superlattices of BaTiO3 (BTO) and SrTiO3 (STO) by a pulsed laser deposition technique. A large strain of 400–500 MPa is introduced at the interface between the BTO and STO layers. A large dielectric constant of 900 was observed with a stacking periodicity of 2 unit cells/2 unit cells…
An atomic structure model for a 25 degrees [001] symmetric tilt grain boundary in SrTiO(3) has been determined directly from experimental data with the use of high-resolution Z-contrast imaging coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy. The derived model of the grain boundary was refined by bond-valence sum calcu…
The structure of a protein triple helix has been determined at 1.9 angstrom resolution by x-ray crystallographic studies of a collagen-like peptide containing a single substitution of the consensus sequence. This peptide adopts a triple-helical structure that confirms the basic features determined from fiber diffracti…
A novel concept for performing stoichiometric and catalytic chemical transformations has been developed that is based on the limited miscibility of partially or fully fluorinated compounds with nonfluorinated compounds. A fluorous biphase system (FBS) consists of a fluorous phase containing a dissolved reagent or cata…
We consider a "cluster picture" to explain the structure and formation of quasicrystals. Quasicrystal ordering is attributed to a small set of low-energy atomic clusters which determine the state of minimum free energy. The nature of the ground state as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, depending upon the clusters and clu…
Abstract Abundant authigenic K-feldspar is present in continental sandstones of the Lower Cretaceous Areado Formation in Sao Francisco Basin, central Brazil. Feldspar authigenesis occurred in two major episodes. (1) In the Early Cretaceous K-feldspar precipitated as overgrowths, healing of microfractures, and replacem…
Annealed metallic bilayers consisting of Cu/Al/SiO2 are studied from the perspective of providing both surface passivation and diffusion barrier/adhesion promoter function for advanced copper based metallization. Upon annealing this bilayer film at 400 °C or higher, enough Al dissolves into the Cu to provide substanti…
In this study, we have demonstrated that boron carbide, an extremely hard and wear-resistant material, can be deposited with hot filament-activated chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). There are several benefits to using a hot filament system, including a high deposition rate and a relatively low substrate temperature w…
When a binary alloy is directionally solidified, a two-phase mushy dendritic zone is often formed. Interdendritic convection of the melt may occur, and is coupled with compositional convection of the residual melt. If fluid flow velocities are high enough, local melt-back of the dendrites may occur, leading to channel…
Abstract Thin-section and X-ray diffraction analyses of 31 outcrop samples show that the early diagenesis of heterogeneous volcaniclastic and arkosic sandstone and conglomerate of the Middle Park Formation (Upper Cretaceous- Paleocene) was strongly influenced by detrital mineralogy. Rocks with abundant andesitic rock…
We have investigated visible photoluminescence excited by Ar ion laser (488 nm, 2.54 eV) at room temperature from Si+-implanted thermal oxide films grown on crystalline Si wafer, as-implanted and after subsequent annealing in vacuum. We found two types of visible luminescence bands similar to those of silica glasses;…
Research has been undertaken on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and impact abrasion resistance of high manganese steels containing primary or eutectic NbC particles. The present paper presents and analyses test results on the impact deformation resistance (determined using a drop weight device) and work har…
Article The Effect of Grain Size and Prestrain on the Superplastic Behavior of a 7475 Aluminum Alloy was published on October 1, 1994 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 85, issue 10).
After summarizing essential features of antiferroelectric liquid crystals (AFLCs), recent progress in the application of AFLC for displays and spatial light modulators is presented. These devices are based on the electricfield-induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition characterized by sharp threshold an…
The paper presents beryllium extraction process being operated at the beryllium pilot plant of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. The metal is produced by magnesium reduction of anhydrous beryllium fluoride. Reduction process yields beryllium metal in the form of pebbles. Metal pebbles are refined by vacuum induction melt…
This article discusses the dissolution of mineral fibers in simulated physiological fluids (SPF), and the parameters that affect the solubility measure- ment in a dynamic test where an SPF runs through a cell containing fibers (Scholze and Conradt test).Solutions simulate either the extracellular fluid (pH 7.6) or the…
An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed of polypyrroles (PPy) electrosynthesized on Pt in aqueous solution. Spectra were recorded both for the as-synthesized (pristine) polymer (specimen 1) and for the so-called “overoxidized” PPy (specimen 2). Electrosynthesis was accomplished potentiostatica…
The fracture strengths of sintered Al 2 O 3 containing 20 and 40 vol% ZrO 2 (12 mol% CeO 2 )—zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA)—composites along with the fracture resistance can be increased (e.g., to ∼900 MPa and >12 Mpa·m 1/2 , respectively), by increasing the mean grain size of the t ‐ZrO 2 (and the Al 2 O 3 ) from ∼…
Abstract Irradiation of visible light on a dichloromethane or chloroform solution in the presence of halogenated p-benzoquinones, such as fluoranil, chloranil, and bromanil, caused the formation of an acid, HCl. In the presence of octaethylporphyrin in those solutions, the photoinduced protonations of porphyrins were…