Materials Literature
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A survey is given of the present state of understanding of leader breakdown of electronegative gases in nonuniform field gaps and under fast-rising voltage waveforms. The basic physical processes involved are the formation of a pulsed streamer corona, the transformation of one of the streamers into a leader step, the…
Abstract The molecular process whereby light induces color changes in certain substances, namely photochromism, is currently a topic of active research. Many reactions—mainly monomolecular—have been reexamined in greater detail from the standpoint of photochromism. Those found to be especially suitable for such studie…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrostructure of bacterially synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)Naoko Kamiya, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Yoshio Inoue, Riichiro Chujo, and Yoshiharu DoiCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 4, 1676–1682Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Pub…
Abstract Wood cellulose, a versatile and renewable natural resource, has potential for use as a reinforcement for synthetic organic polymers. During the past 80 years a number of materials using the reinforcing properties of wood cellulose have found major markets. Forms of wood cellulose proposed as reinforcements in…
Ergodic behavior in liquids, supercooled liquids, and glasses is examined with a focus on the time scale needed to obtain ergodicity. A measure, d(t), which is based on the time-averaged energies of the individual particles and which is referred to as the ``energy metric,'' is introduced to probe the approach to ergod…
The reaction products formed in a series of fully “equilibrated,” roomtemperature‐hydrated, fumed colloidal silica plus lime water mixtures were examined using 29 Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The data suggest that two structurally distinct calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H) phases exist in the sys…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the double-melting behavior of poly(ether ether ketone)Youngchul Lee, Roger S. Porter, and J. S. LinCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 4, 1756–1760Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pu…
Spray‐drying is a convenient process for producing a granulated, flowable powder of uniform bulk density. In this review the effect of feed slurry solids content, viscosity, binder type, and atomization technique on the granule character are discussed. Also, mechanisms of hollow granule formation and binder migration…
The pullout of fibers in the crack wake makes an important contribution to the toughness of ceramic‐matrix composites. The pullout is, in turn, influenced by the properties of the fibers and by the sliding resistance of the interface. Basic relationships governing the pullout are developed analytically and investigate…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleOrganoalkali compounds by radical anion induced reductive metalation of phenyl thioethersTheodore Cohen and Mahadevan BhupathyCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 4, 152–161Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 Ap…
Electric‐field‐forced antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric phase transitions in several compositions of modified lead zirconate titanate stannate antiferroelectric ceramics are studied for ultra‐high‐field‐induced strain actuator applications. A maximum field‐induced longitudinal strain of 0.85% and volume expansion of…
The resonance Raman spectrum of 45(+−3) Å diameter CdSe clusters was measured. The incident photons were resonant with the HOMO–LUMO transition in the clusters. At low temperature, one mode at 205 cm−1 is observed, as well as two overtones, with the integrated areas under these peaks in the ratio of 9:3:1. This mode i…
One method of obtaining useful information about the physical chemistry of peptide/bilayer interactions is to relate thermodynamic parameters of the interactions to structural parameters obtained by diffraction methods. We report here the results of the application of this approach to interactions of hydrophobic tripe…
Second-harmonic generation and spectroscopic absorption measurements are used to study the nonlinear-optical thin-film properties of azo dye guest molecules oriented in a polymer host by corona-onset poling at elevated temperatures (COPET). Parallel-wire electrode and needle electrode configurations are studied. The o…
Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ordered domain structures in undoped and La/Na‐doped Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (PMN), where the compositions of the doped samples were specifically chosen so as to elucidate the ordering mechanism. The results showed that the Mg 2+ ions and Nb 5+ ions are short‐range…
Abstract A wide range of natural K-, Na-, Ca- or (K + Li)-micas have been systematically examined by Raman spectrometry. The spectra are interpretable in terms of regular variations in peak positions and chemical parameters. Several vibrations give higher wavenumbers for Na-micas compared to K-micas, in accord with th…