Materials Literature
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The design of an instrument capable of opto-mechanical studies of the rheology of viscoelastic polymeric fluids near solid interfaces is described. The instrument probes the ‘meso’-scale (length scales of 0 (μm)) and bridges the gap between molecular-scale devices such as the Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) and conventi…
GENERIC is reviewed not only as a new general framework for modeling nonequilibrium systems, but also as a new way of thinking about nonequilibrium dynamics. This unified framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is shown to be deeply rooted in the ample accumulated experience with nonequilibrium systems and, provide…
Foams have been prepared from water added with a surfactant (Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate, SDS) and a polymer (Poly-Ethylene-Oxide, PEO) at different concentrations. This work was devoted to a study of the flow properties of the foams. The pressure drops were measured during flow in capillary tubes (2.5, 3.5 and 4 mm) in la…
Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigations in the near infrared (N1R) region of synthetic and natural kaolinites with various octahedral substitutions have been carried out in order to elucidate the relationships between the substituted cations and specific features of the NIR spectra. The…
Carbon‐supported platinum (Pt/C) with an adsorbed layer of underpotential deposited (upd) Sn is a much better catalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) than a carbon‐supported platinum‐tin (PtSn/C) alloy. In situ X‐ray absorption (XAS) was used to determine the differences in the effects that the two methods…
Extruded bioplastic was prepared from cornstarch or poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) or blends of cornstarch and PHBV. The blended formulations contained 30 or 50% starch in the presence or absence of polyethylene oxide (PEO), which enhances adherence of starch granules to PHBV. Degradation of…
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a heritable disease caused by molecular defects in type I collagen, is characterized by skeletal deformities and brittle bones. The heterozygous and homozygous oim mice (oim/+ and oim/oim) exhibit mild and severe OI phenotypes, respectively, serving as controlled animal models of this dis…
Abstract This study examines the influence of minerals and amorphous phases associated with kaolin and kaolinitic rocks on kaolinite crystallinity indices (KCI) derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data in order to select the best index for systematic studies of commercial kaolins or geological sequences. For this pur…
We present ab initio calculations using density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA) on PbO in the α-phase and the idealized CsCl structure. The electron densities clearly show that CsCl-structured PbO has a symmetric lead site while α-PbO shows asymmetry, forming what could be describe…
A method of modelling the three-dimensional microstructure of random isotropic two-phase materials is proposed. The information required to implement the technique can be obtained from two-dimensional images of the microstructure. The reconstructed models share two-point correlation and chord-distribution functions wi…
On the basis of the pseudopotential plane-wave method and the local-density-functional theory, this paper studies energetics, stress-strain relation, stability, and ideal strength of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-SiC under various loading modes, where uniform uniaxial extension and tension and biaxial proportional extension ar…
We consider three mechanisms of hysteresis phenomena in alternating magnetic field: the domain-wall motion in a random medium, the nucleation, and the retardation of magnetization due to slow (critical) fluctuations. We construct a quantitative theory for all these processes. The hysteresis is characterized by two dyn…
High‐temperature oxidation of monolithic boron nitride (BN) is examined at 900–1200°C. Hot‐pressed BN and both low‐ and high‐density chemically vapor‐deposited BN are studied. The oxidation product is B 2 O 3 ( l ) and the oxidation kinetics are sensitive to crystallographic orientation, porosity, and impurity levels.…
A polymer (TPD-PPV), incorporating both efficient light-emitting and hole transporting moieties has been synthesized. This polymer also possesses excellent film-forming property, good thermal stability, and high electrochemical reversibility and stability. The HOMO-LUMO energy levels were determined by cyclic voltamme…
The frequency and temperature dependence of the optical conductivity of ferromagnetic manganites is explained within the framework of the bipolaron theory. As these materials are cooled below the Curie temperature, the colossal magnetoressitance (CMR) is accompanied by a massive transfer of the spectral weight of the…