Materials Literature
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The effect of microstructure in silicon nitride on fracture toughness and Subcritical crack growth (SCG) behavior at room temperature was investigated. Three kinds of silicon nitride materials containing 5 mass% of Y2O3 and Al2O3 were sintered under different conditions, and they showed different microstructures. Frac…
Powder compacts with mullite composition (3Al2O3⋅2SiO2) were prepared by mixing γ-alumina and colloidal silica, followed by pressurized filtration. The compacts were sintered by means of viscous flow of amorphous silica phase at relatively low temperature (1200-1250°C) under various water vapor pressures with dew poin…
2014 La technique de mtallisation chimique par voie liquide est une alternative aux m- thodes classiques de mtallisation pour l'observation d'chantillons non conducteurs. Simple, rapide, conomique, cette technique apporte dans certains cas, en particulier pour les substrats tridimensio- nels, la solution aux problmes…
Abstract Single crystals of pure and monovalent metallic ion doped (K + , Na + , Cu + , Ag + , and Hg + ) lead(II)chloride and lead(II)bromide were grown using silica gel. The growth experiments have been carried out by employing a modified two‐stage chemical reaction. The grown crystals of pure and doped lead(II)chlo…
The phase behaviour of lateral substituted side group copolymethacrylates was investigated. With structural changes it is possible to influence the phase behaviour of the polymers. The lateral substituents have a stronger influence in side group polymers then in low molecular systems because of the coupling of the mes…
L-Ascorbate (0) reacted rapidly with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) at 20–25°C and constant pH 9.5–10.0 in the presence of calcium ion. Barium and strontium ions also catalyzed the phosphorylation reaction, but not magnesium ion. The optimum reaction mixture was initially 1.4 M L-ascorbate, 1.8 M STMP, 1.7 M calcium h…
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer, and is presently being evaluated worldwide. PDT is based on the ability of photosensitizers to accumulate selectively in tumor tissue. On irradiation fluorescence of the sensitizer allows tumor localization. Singlet oxygen formed by sensit…
The structure and electronic, magnetic and thermal properties of Nd–Fe and Nd–Fe–B amorphous alloys are modified appreciably by hydrogen charging. The feature and extent of the modification differ significantly between the two systems. This difference is primarily attributed to the effect of interatomic bonding, speci…
The initial development of boron fibers was funded by the U. S. Air Force as high-strength, high-modulus fibers for advanced aerospace applications. They are useful in sjJorts as well as in aerospace applications. However, their high cost is still a deterrent to widesjJread market penetoration. Two recent developments…
For the life cycle assessment (LCA) of coal, the authors investigated the life cycle inventory for coal mining in Japan. All energies, materials, equipment and facilities used for the coal production are listed for the assessment.As the results, 109kg of CO2 and 15.7kg of CH4 are emitted par 1 ton of clean coal output…
This paper, the first of two parts, describes a technique of measuring dynamic temperature fields on thin, porous textile materials when exposed to a low energy, localized heat source. A methodology is outlined for studying the smoldering process via measurement of surface temperature profiles using calibrated infrare…
The morphological control of calcium carbonate hexahydrate and its dehydrate was investigated. Synthetic calcium carbonates were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction pattern, thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscopic observation. The hexahydrate was synthesized by aging amor…
To use a resin for a composite, the processing conditions must be known. An engineering analysis through numerical simulation of the heat mold cure is useful for this purpose. The chemical systems studied were based in furfuryl alcohol (FA) and furfural. Sulfuric acid was used as catalyst. The kinetics of the reaction…
Alumina ceramics constitute an important class of structural ceramics. Their use in the structural applications has increased in the recent past and is likely to go up further as progress is made in their processing and understanding their mechanical behaviour. Low reliability, as reflected in the Weibull modulus m, a…
Supported nickel catalysts are used for steam reforming of natural gas and methanation of carbon oxides in hydrogen-rich streams in the production of ammonia, methanol and hydrogen. These catalysts are loaded into reactors in the oxide form and are then activated into metallic nickel state by in-citu reduction. The ac…
Austenitic stainless steels with low carbon content have good corrosion resistance in nitric acid solutions. However, these steels are susceptible to corrosion in nitric acid solutions which contain highly oxidizing ions such as Cr2O72-, Run+ etc. One of these is called "End Grain Corrosion" or "Tunnelling Corrosion".…
Drain-gate breakdown of GaAs metal-semiconductor-field-effect transistors (MESFETs) was analyzed using high frequency waveform probing. Peak dmin-gate voltage was theoretically and experhentally found to be a determining breakdown factor. The impact ionization induced conduction component of the gate and drain current…
The lattice distortion and size of crystallites along a particular lattice direction in solid pharmaceuticals were determined by profile analysis using a peak profile of X-ray powder diffraction. The analysis was carried out according to either the paracrystal or micro strain model. After correction for instrumental b…
The reaction between tetraphenylphthalonitrile and 4-phthalonitrile or 6-tert-butylnaphthalonitrile in the presence of copper(I) chloride gives a non-statistical mixture of non-symmetrical phthalocyanines from which 2:2 complexes are separated; in the reaction between substituted phthalo- and naphthalonitriles the 2:2…
HRTEM observations require ultra-thinned specimens and, due to the very small thick- ness (1 to 30 nm), an elastic stress relaxation may occur near the free surfaces of strained heterostruc- tures. These relaxation phenomena can modify the structural features of the thinned specimens with respect to the bulk materials…