Materials Literature
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Abstract The background to the development and production of x‐ray instruments in the former USSR and Russia is due to the work of a number of scientists in educational and research institutions. The development of mass‐produced instruments and their practical introduction throughout the country were made possible by…
The use of an alumina primary coat to eliminate the interaction between aluminium in NiAl single crystal alloy and silica in the ceramic investment casting mould has been examined in this study. The properties of the alumina slurry were characterised and the main factors controlling stability identified. It was found…
Open-pore flexible polyurethane (PUR) foam with varioius pore sizes (1-8 mm) was used as filler to reinforce low-density closed-cell PUR flexible foam. The final composite has a sandwich structure, where the core zone has “foam-in-foam” structure and skin zones are unreinforced PUR foams. Compared to the regular, non-…
Thickeners are used in paint systems to achieve particular rheological properties such as shear-rate dependent behavior, to control the viscosity at low and high shear rates, sag resistance and application viscosity. This contribution addresses the use and application of thickeners in water-borne paints.Examples of su…
Foam bubbles can be a very severe problem in all kinds of coating systems. Mechanisms of foam stabilization and mechanisms of defoamers are briefly reviewed. The chemistry of different defoamer classes (mineral oil defoamers, silicone defoamers, silicone-free polymeric defoamers) together with their typical applicatio…
The pulp and paper industry uses significant amounts of water and energy for the paper production process. Closing the water cycles in this industry, therefore, promises large benefits for the environment and has the potential of huge cost savings for the industry. Closing the water cycle on the other hand also introd…
Semiempirical theory for secondary electron emission is extended to cover the layered structure. Secondary electron emission for the two-layered structure, i.e., a thin film on a substrate, is calculated and compared with the experiment. Good agreement between the two indicates the usefulness of this theory for the la…
Reflectivity spectra of HxMoO3 and LixMoO3 thin films were measured over the photon energy range from 0.4 to 4.2 eV. It was found that microcrystalline molybdenum bronzes have reflectances between 6% and 30% over the concentration x, range 0⩽x⩽0.64. Values for the real part of the refractive index n were also determin…
The JAERI Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) group has carried out experiments with breeding blanket mock-ups composed of layers of beryllium, ferritic steel F82H and 6Li enriched lithium titanate ceramics, Li2TiO3. Pellets of enriched Li2TiO3 with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were used as detectors inside…
The experimental setup is put in operation designed to study the phenomenon of the superpermeation of hydrogen isotopes, including tritium, through metals and to demonstrate the possibility of membrane pumping. The permeation of atomic hydrogen through the niobium membrane was shown to occur in the superpermeation reg…
This paper describes removal and control of tritium of liquid lithium (Li) target for IFMIF. To produce intense neutrons, 40 MeV deuteron beam with a current of 250 mA is injected into a liquid Li flow with a speed of 20 m/s. D-Li reaction produces tritium with a production rate of 7 g/y. Tritium in Li is removed by a…
A star-shaped copolymer consisting of a hyperbranched poly(3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol) core and polytetrahydrofuran arms was obtained by a one-step cationic copolymerization of 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol with tetrahydrofuran initiated by BF3·OEt2. Tetrahydrofuran served as a solvent at the earlier stage of the polymer…
Thermally unaltered conodont elements, brachiopods, and vertebrates were analyzed with reverse phase high profile liquid chromatography to locate and quantify amino acid remnants of the original organic matrix in the fossils. No consistent similarities in amino acid content were found in conodont taxa, and criteria ba…
To simulate hydrogen outgassing in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber and a fusion device, an outgassing theory based on the recombination limited model is presented, where the time evolution of hydrogen concentration in the wall of the vacuum chamber is described by a one-dimensional diffusion equation. The hydrogen o…
The effectiveness of debris reduction using magnetically guided pulsed laser deposition (MGPLD) is reported here. KrF laser pulses (248 nm) of 100 mJ energy were focused to intensities of 6×109 W/cm2 onto the surface of a copper or a carbon source target and a magnetic field of 0.3 T as used to steer the plasma around…
Fourier transform infrared spectra of single fibers of cotton and 18% NaOH treated cotton were obtained before and after fiber pressing to investigate the effect of pressing on the sample. Pressing resulted in improved spectral quality in some regions (e.g., OH stretching) and deteriorated spectral quality in other re…
The dielectric behaviors of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3–BaTiO3 (PZN–PT–BT) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics of several compositions have been investigated under high alternating electric field. In the broad temperature range of the diffuse phase transition, they show highly induced polarization. An unusual linear relation o…
The processability, curing characteristics, and mechanical properties of a window seal compound based on highly filled and oil extended EPDM rubber (R-EPDM) containing ground EPDM vulcanisate of known composition (W-EPDM) simulating the waste window seal product have been studied. A conventional mechanical grinder wit…
A new strontium lithium titanate with composition SrLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 has been discovered in the ternary system SrO - Li 2 O - TiO 2 . Single crystals of this compound have been grown by the flux method. The structure of SrLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 has been solved using X-ray data (Mo-K α radiation, orthorhombic, space group Cmca,…
Simple preparative methods for the synthesis of a hexacoordinate silicate dianion with two tridentate citrato(3−) ligands have been developed. Thus, treatment of tetramethoxysilane with two molar equivalents of citric acid and two molar equivalents of tri(n-butyl)amine in tetrahydrofuran yielded tri(n-butyl)ammonium b…