Materials Literature
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Interconnects are susceptible to solid diffusion under residual stress, electric current, and elevated temperature. As atoms diffuse, voids nucleate, drift, and enlarge. At some point, the voids of rounded shape can collapse to narrow slits and sever the interconnects. The fatal slits are often found to be transgranul…
For what is to our knowledge the first time, electric-field-induced optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is studied at the Si-SiO(2) interface by the use of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure. The crystallographic anisotropy of this phenomenon is studied for MOS structures. Experimental results indicate t…
Diamond and carbonaceous films grown in a microwave assisted plasma reactor have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. This study is mainly focused on the identification of the different carbonaceous compounds which can coexist with the diamond depending on the…
The unstable mode density of states 〈ρu(ω;T)〉 is obtained from computer simulation and is analyzed, theoretically and empirically, over a broad range of supercooled and normal liquid temperatures in the unit density Lennard-Jones liquid. The functional form of 〈ρu(ω;T)〉 is determined and the ω, T dependence is seen to…
Carbon nitride films with the composition ratio CR(C/N)=0.5–3.0 were prepared by the ion and vapor deposition method, where carbon was evaporated on various substrates while being simultaneously bombarded with 0.5–10.0 keV nitrogen ions. The properties of the films were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS…
First, a new approach to treat the strongly correlated conjugated-circuit model on two-dimensional networks is made with computational effort comparable to that for corresponding tight-binding models. Toward this end a translationally symmetric arrow assignment is used to construct an antisymmetrically signed ‘‘adjace…
Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate specimens with between 0 and 9 at.% lanthanum and a Zr/Ti ratio of 95/5, Pb1−xLax(Zr0.95Ti0.05)1−x/4O3 (PLZT 100x/95/5), have been investigated using dielectric spectroscopy, Sawyer–Tower polarization, and dilatometric measurements. La modification was found to suppress the s…
Surface preflashover phenomena across alumina ceramics in vacuum are presented. The localized plasmas are identified by the spatially resolved images that appear in a pulse surface preflashover phase using an intensified charge-coupled-device camera, along with coordinated, time-resolved preflashover current and lumin…
The numerical modeling of the oxidation of silicon is analyzed from a nonlinear viscoelastic approach. Its mechanical and stress dependent parameters are determined for silicon dioxide and nitride. The study focuses on the rheological behavior of the materials. The two dimensional simulations of silicon cylinders oxid…
Low voltage cathodoluminescent characteristics of ZnGa2O4 phosphor grown by rf magnetron sputtering have been investigated from 300 to 700 nm. The effects of substrate heating and annealing treatment on the luminescent characteristics are also studied. A blue cathodoluminescent emission peaked at 470 nm is observed. B…
The nucleation of diamond on silicon (100) in a methane-in-hydrogen microwave plasma has been investigated by atomic-force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The nucleation of diamond was performed by application of an electrical substrate potential. It w…
In ferroelectric perovskites, the strong spontaneous polarization is due to giant values of the Born effective charges, which are much larger than predicted on the basis of the nominal ionicity: we investigate the physical origin of such charges, which by definition measure the current traversing the sample during pol…
X-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements were carried out to probe the local environment surrounding Mn ions in Mn-doped nanocrystals of ZnS with different size distributions ranging from 30--35 \AA{} to 50--55 \AA{}. The interatomic distances between Mn and neighboring atoms, the coordination number, local disord…
The Kondo lattice model with Hund's ferromagnetic spin coupling is investigated as a microscopic model of the perovskite-type 3d transition-metal oxide La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$. In the classical spin limit $S=\infty$ and the infinite-dimensional limit $D=\infty$, the one-body Green's function is calculated exactly. Tra…
The dynamics of carrier-induced absorption changes in CdSe quantum dots are investigated with femtosecond spectroscopy. After excitation with 4-eV photons a redshift of the lowest optical transition is observed in the initial phase of carrier relaxation. This shift is attributed to a biexciton effect where two electro…
Tin oxide films doped with oxygen vacancies, F, Sb, or Mo were made by reactive rf magnetron sputtering of Sn, Sn-Sb, or Sn-Mo in Ar+O2(+CF4) onto glass heated to a temperature up to 530 °C. Electrical dc resistivity, mobility, free-electron density, spectral optical properties, and microstructure were investigated as…
Magnetic Ceramics describes the structure, preparation techniques, magnetic properties and applications of iron-based oxides also known as ferrites; metallic magnetic materials are also covered in depth. The main purpose of the book is to provide an up-to-date overview of the relevant aspects of ferrites, which cover…
Recently, Engel and Vosko have proposed an alternative form of a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) [Phys. Rev. B 47, 13 164 (1993)] within density-functional theory. This version of the GGA (EV93) was obtained by optimizing the exchange-correlation potential ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{xc}}$ instead of the correspon…
We compare the Raman spectra and other macroscopic properties of nearly one hundred amorphous carbon films deposited at five research laboratories by a total of five different methods in search of correlations useful for both process control and basic understanding of the structure of these materials. For the full ran…
A post-collision interaction (PCI) in the cascade Auger processes is considered. The general analytical formulae for an amplitude and a cross section of the process under consideration are obtained. These formulae allow for the PCI distortion and are valid for a wide range of velocities of the emitted electrons except…