Materials Literature
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BACKGROUND: Application of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) as the contrast agent has improved the quality of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Low efficiency of loading the commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles into cells and the cytotoxicity of previously formulated complexes limit their u…
The effect of biaxial strain on the remanent polarization of epitaxial thin films of various ferroelectric materials is studied using phenomenological Landau–Devonshire theory. It is shown that the strain dependences of the remanent polarizations are strongly dependent on crystal symmetries and film orientations. For…
In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of confined dimension (the thickness of PEO layer) and reduced tethering density (σ̃ PEO, defined by σ πR g 2, where σ is the tethered chain density and R g is the radius of gyration of the tethered PEO chain in its end-free state in the melt) on the PEO crysta…
A hydrothermal method is employed for the growth of single crystal vertically aligned lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanowire arrays. The resulting PZT nanowires were grown from a TiO2 film and are shown to be single crystal with growth in the [110] axis. PZT has a coupling coefficient up to two orders of magnitude hig…
Magnetic properties and electronic structures of graphene with Cl, S, and P adsorption have been investigated using ab initio calculations. The adsorption of Cl leads to Fermi level shifting to valence band, which results in metallic graphene. A band gap of 0.6 eV emerges in a S-absorbed graphene, leading to the semic…
A series of glasses xMgO-(1-x)SiO(2) with compositions from enstatite MgSiO(3) (x=0.5) to forsterite Mg(2)SiO(4) (x=0.667) in mole fraction intervals of x approximately 0.02 have been prepared by containerless levitation techniques and CO(2) laser heating. Polarized and depolarized Raman spectra measured at ambient co…
Novel colloidal composites have been designed to incorporate multiple functionalities that allow optical detection, magnetic manipulation, molecular trapping, and thermal response. Such particles are made of gold nanoparticle cores covered by a thin layer of metallic nickel and a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) s…
We study the adiabatic quantum pumping characteristics in graphene modulated by two oscillating gate potentials out of phase. The angular and energy dependence of the pumped current (PC) is presented. The direction of the PC can be reversed when a high potential barrier demonstrates stronger transparency than a low on…
Nanoparticles comprising of fluorescent probes and MRI contrast agents are highly desirable for biomedical applications due to their ability to be detected at different modes, optically and magnetically. However, most fluorescent probes in such nanoparticles synthesized so far are down-conversion phosphors such as org…
Two types of rare sandwich-type germanomolybdates [Na(12)(H(2)O)(36)][Cu(2)(beta-Y-GeMo(9)O(33))(2)].3H(2)O (1), [N(CH(3))(4)](4) [Na(6)(H(2)O)(24)][Cr(2)(beta-Y-GeMo(9)O(33))(2)].7H(2)O (2), and [Na(11)(H(2)O)(25)]H[M(4)(H(2)O)(2)(alpha-B-GeMo(9)O(34))(2)].6H(2)O (M = Ni(II) for 3, M = Mn(II) for 4 and M = Co(II) for…
Polymer hydrogels are used in diverse biomedical applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Among different chemical linkages, the natural and reversible thiol-disulfide interconversion is extensively explored to stabilize hydrogels. The creation of macro-, micro-, and nanoscale disulfide-stabilized…
A series of AB 2 type 3-miktoarm star copolymers that mimic the natural structure of phospolipids were synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the A arm and poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) as the two B arms. Their ability to self-assemble into polymer vesicles (polymersomes) in aqueous solutions was investigated…
The entropy theory of glass formation, which has previously been developed to describe general classes of polymeric glass-forming liquids, is extended here to model the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of poly(alpha-olefins). By combining this thermodynamic theory with the Adam-Gibbs model (which relates the confi…
We report an unexpected characteristic of dislocation cores in silicon. Using first-principles calculations, we show that all the stable core configurations for a non-dissociated 60$^\circ$ dislocation are sessile. The only glissile configuration, previously obtained by nucleation from surfaces, surprinsingly correspo…
We examine electron transport through a single-molecule magnet Mn12 bridged between Au electrodes using the first-principles method. We find crucial features which were inaccessible in model Hamiltonian studies: spin filtering and a strong dependence of charge distribution on local environments. The spin filtering rem…
We have used low energy electron microscopy and photo emission electron microscopy to study and improve the quality of graphene films grown on Ir(111) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). CVD at elevated temperature already yields graphene sheets that are uniform and of monatomic thickness. Besides domains that are…
Chapter 1 - A Fundamental Review of the Relationships between Nanotechnology and Lignocellulosic Biomass Theodore H. Wegner and E. Philip Jones 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Use of Lignocellulosic-based Materials 1.3 Green Chemistry and Green Engineering 1.4 Nanotechnology 1.5 Nanotechnology-enabled Product Possibilities 1.6 W…
Using first principles calculations, we investigate the stabilities and electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons which are embedded in boron nitride (BN) sheets. We find that carbon atoms doped in BN sheets have stable hexagonal configurations and can form one-dimensional nanoribbons under suitable chemical poten…
Detecting trace amounts of analytes in aqueous systems is important for health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and national security applications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are ideal components for both the sensor material and active signal transduction layer because of their excellent electronic p…
A single flexible homopolymer chain can assume a variety of conformations which can be broadly classified as expanded coil, collapsed globule, and compact crystallite. Here we study transitions between these conformational states for an interaction-site polymer chain comprised of N=128 square-well-sphere monomers with…