Materials Literature
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Barium titanate is a well-known ferroelectric material (Tc ≈ 120°C) dominating the dielectric ceramics field for the last five decades and is very widely used in multi-layer capacitors. It is usually prepared via the classical solid state reaction between barium carbonate and titanium dioxide around 1100–1300°C. On th…
Monju, a prototype fast breeder reactor, is now under construction in Japan. Following erection of the reactor containment vessel, construction of the reactor system has begun in parallel with construction of the auxiliary systems and plant buildings. The overall Monju project is described, including project organizat…
The role of sulfide inclusions in hydrogen diffusion and trapping in two steels with different contents of sulfur (0.003 and 0.024%S) was examined. The content of hydrogen in specimens after electrolytic charging in a molten salt bath at 250°C and after different aging times was measured. Tensile tests were conducted…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Influenced both by styling considerations and by the aerodynamic benefits possible using flush glazing, car designers are making increasing use of glazing on automobiles. This leads to higher throughput of solar radiation into the car. Solar heat load will thus become a greater pr…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Toyota Motor Corporation has mass-produced turbochargers with silicon nitride ceramic rotors since October, 1989. Those turbochargers have been introduced into Celica and MR-2 which are Toyota sporty-type passenger cars. The designing of ceramic rotor was carried out in order to e…
An experimental model of a new automated pre-preg lay-up process is developed to determine the effects of process parameters on the consolidation and quality of parts made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) reinforced with carbon fibers (APC-2). Temperature, tape velocity, and applied pressure affect the degree of consoli…
Abstract Contact angles of glycerol and diiodomethane drops were measured on the surface of kaolin pellets covered with different amounts of dodecylamine chloride (DDACl) to as much as one monolayer. For a glycerol drop, the contact angle changed from 25.7° (bare surface) to 45.4° for the surface precoated with 0.125…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Because of federal regulations defining vehicle protection and damage resistance, major changes in design, appearance and materials selection have taken place since 1973 for passenger car bumpers. These bumper protection standards have changed continually over the past 17 years, l…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A test programme was performed involving two pairs of vehicles - each pair of the same type and model, technically matched, and equipped with emission control systems including lambda sensors and 3-way-catalysts.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The aim of the pro…
SUMMARY Based on existing formulae for the backscattering coefficient for coated samples, i.e. for samples consisting of one film on a massive homogeneous substrate, a theory for the backscattering coefficient for multilayer structures is derived in a clear mathematical way without using approximations. The resulting…
The use of solid chitin particles for stabilization of oil in water emulsions is evaluated. It was found that the chitin particles can adsorb at the oil water interface, and in view of their surface, properties (γP, γD,) paraffin oil in water emulsions were prepared. Stable emulsions were obtained at high concentratio…
Abstract The MNN Auger spectra of a series of elements, Cd through Te, have been examined as a function of chemical state. The spectra of Cd, In, Sn and Sb do not change shape significantly whether the element is present as a metal, semiconductor or insulator, e.g. Cd, CdTe or CdO. The Kinetic energies of the Auger el…
Rapid firing studies on commercial electroceramics is briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on capacitor dielectrics. In addition to better throughput, rapid firing improves the properties of most of the commercial electroceramics excepting Type II dielectrics. In the case of Type II dielectrics, there is a decrea…
The clothing manufacturing industry is an important user of the products of the dyeing and finishing industry. Major advances in Japan have shown that the use of mechanical property data can assist the dyer and finisher in providing products that are sufficiently consistent for their efficient conversion into clothes.…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The low temperature properties of fluorohydrocarbon elastomers (FKM) have been well documented using traditional rubber laboratory tests such as brittle point, temperature retraction, glass transition, and stiffness by Clash-berg and Gehman methods. Although these tests are consid…
Approximate methods are developed for modelling the growth and collapse of clouds of cavitation bubbles near an infinite and semi-infinite rigid boundary, a cylinder, between two flat plates and in corners and near edges formed by planar boundaries. Where appropriate, comparisons are made between this approximate meth…
The glass transformation temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, dc electrical conductivity, and IR transmission have been measured for four series of lead halosilicate glasses of the general composition (65– x )PbO· x PbX 2 ·35 SiO 2 (X=F, Cl, Br, I). Although results of these and other measurements suggest that…
A novel method of calibrated doping of Mn in ZnS thin films has been used to study room-temperature cathodo- and photoluminescence characteristics of ZnS:Mn films for a Mn concentration range of 0.07–26.4 wt. %. It was observed that the luminescent intensity increases with Mn concentration up to ∼2 wt. %, beyond which…
A simulation model of the microstructure developed during the reaction sintering of ultrafine silicon powders is presented. The model employs interactive subroutines that describe particle compaction, sintering, and nitridation. The particle compaction model is based on a random particle packing model, whereas the sin…
The anchoring properties of the director at the interface between a nematic LC and an isotropic substrate are discussed. More emphasis is devoted to the special cases of the nematic LC free surface and of the nematic-isotropic interface. Some recent theoretical models for these interfaces are briefly discussed and the…