Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy: Biological Applications
Fixation - Washing, Dehydration and Embedding - Sectioning - Staining - Support Films - Cryofixation - Negative Staining - References - Index
Materials Literature
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SrTi O 3 : An intrinsic quantum paraelectric below 4 K
The dielectric constants ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{〈110〉}$ and their change with uniaxial $〈1\overline{1}0〉$ stress in monodomain $〈001〉$SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ samples have been measured as a function of temperature. Between 4 K and 0.3 K these quantities are independent of temperature. In one sample $\ensuremath{\eps…
The Fermi gas model of one-dimensional conductors
The Fermi gas model of one-dimensional conductors is reviewed. The exact solutions known for particular values of the coupling constants in a single chain problem (Tomonaga model, Luther-Emery model) are discussed. Renormalization group arguments are used to extend these solutions to arbitrary values of the couplings.…
Crosslinking of elastomeric vinylidene fluoride copolymers with nucleophiles
Abstract The monomer sequence CF 2 CF(CF 3 )CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) has been identified by 19 FNMR as the selectively base‐sensitive site of poly(vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene). Similar studies of other vinylidene fluoride (VF 2 ) copolymers with either tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) or perfluoro(methyl vinyl et…
A Raman study of the three-solid-state phase transition in diamantane
A Raman study of the three-solid-state phase transitions in diamantane is presented. The low-temperature transition at T c1 =35K is characterised by a zone-centre soft librational mode; this mode has been fitted to a damped harmonic oscillator function, and the damping and static susceptibility of the soft mode obtain…
Some optical properties of GeS2single crystals
The room-temperature direct allowed energy gap E g =3.425 eV was obtained for single crystals of GeS 2 which have an orthorhombic structure. The far-infrared transmission spectrum was measured with unpolarised light in the range of 100-250 cm -1 . The reflectivity spectrum was obtained, also with unpolarised light, in…
Fluorescence properties of bismuth-doped LaPo4
The following investigation concerns the identification of mechanisms responsible for the blue emission obtained with bismuth-doped lanthanum phosphate LaPO 4 (Bi). Observations of absorption, excitation and fluorescence spectra, together with measurements of the decay time from liquid He up to room temperature are pr…
Total cross sections for electron scattering by Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe
A set of total cross sections for scattering of electrons by Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe has been evaluated over the energy range of about 20 to 3000 eV by means of the analysis of experiments and theories on total cross sections for elastic scattering, ionisation and excitation, and on differential cross sections for elastic a…
Optical properties of magnetite (Fe3O4)
The reflectivity of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) has been measured in the spectral energy range between 0.03 and 12 eV. The optical constants have been determined by means of a Kramers-Kronig analysis. The interband transition spectrum can be interpreted by O 2p to Fe4s transitions and be Fe3d n to 3d n-1 4s orbital promotio…
Fluorescence studies of native and modified neurophysins. Effects of peptides and pH
The effect of neurophysin-hormone interaction on the environment of the single tyrosine of bovine neurophysin (Tyr-49) and on that of the tyrosine of oxytocin and vasopressin was studied by fluorescence; tyrosine-free peptides were used to determine effects on Tyr-49, and acetylated neurophysin was used to determine e…
Estimated Free Energies of Formation, Water Solubilities, and Stability Fields for Schuetteite (Hg3O2SO4) and Corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2) at 298 K
Abstract With published and estimated entropies and enthalpies of formation, we have estimated free energies of formation of schuetteite (Hg 3 O 2 SO 4 ) and corderoite (Hg 3 S 2 Cl 2 ) at 298°K. These estimates were compared with others based on the solubility of schuetteite and conditions of vapor phase synthesis of…
X-Ray—Scattering Evidence for Sublattice Phase Transition in Stoichiometric Silverβ-Alumina
X-ray-scattering investigation of stoichiometric silver $\ensuremath{\beta}$-alumina reveals a clear phase transition between the high-temperature conducting-ions quasiliquid sublattice, and a lowtemperature crystalline state. Preliminary, structural analysis of the low-temperature crystalline order confirms the type…
Chemical Modeling of Trace Metal Equilibria in Contaminated Soil Solutions Using the Computer Program GEOCHEM
Abstract The computer program GEOCHEM is adapted and being developed for soil solutions from the REDEQL2 program originally created by Morel and Morgan at Caltech. GEOCHEM differs from REDEQL2 in its inclusion of 1) data for a few hundred additional soluble complexes and solids that are relevant to trace metal studies…
Critical Review of the Kinetics of Calcite Dissolution and Precipitation
Abstract Kinetic results of published laboratory studies of calcite dissolution and precipitation in the system CaO-MgO-Na 2 O-K 2 O-CO 2 -H 2 SO 4 - HCl-H 2 O are used to test the surface mechanism model of Plummer, Wigley, and Parkhurst (1978; Amer. Jour. Sci. 278, 179-216). This mechanism model includes: 1) three s…
Spreading of extrinsic grain boundary dislocations in austenitic steel
The dependence of the spreading process of extrinsic grain boundary dislocations (EGBD's) on grain boundary state and misorientation, and spreading kinetics in austenitic steel is investigated. Spreading of EGBD's at non-equilibrium grain boundaries obtained by successive cold rolling and annealing treatments at a tem…
Molybdenum Disulfide in the Poorly Crystalline "Rag" Structure
Molybdenum disulfide has been prepared in an unusual poorly crystalline form, termed the "rag" structure, consisting of several stacked but highly folded and disordered S-Mo-S layers. This previously unknown structure demonstrates the flexible and macromolecular nature of the layered transition metal dichalcogenides.…
Phosphorylation of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli
Addition of acetate to a stationary phase culture of Escherichia coli in glycerol mineral salts medium containing phosphorus-32-labeled orthophosphate results in rapid loss of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and concomitant incorporation of phosphorus-32 into the enzyme. This is the first example of protein phosphor…
Photoinduced optical anisotropy and color adaptation in silver-containing glasses
This paper reports photoinduced optical anisotropy (dichromism and birefringence) and color adaptation in oxide glasses containing silver and halogens. The effects are found in both photochromic and fixed-tint glasses. In certain of the photochromic glasses there is memory, such that after thermal fading redarkening b…
Anisotropic mobility of water in hydrated layered chalcogenides A+x(H2O)y[TaS2]x− and A+x(H2O)y [NbS2]x− as studied by NMR
Wideline 1H NMR studies have been carried out in various hydrated layered chalcogenides of the type A+x(H2O)y [TaS2]x− at temperatures from 148 to 300 K, where A=Na, K, NH4, Cs, and Ca. Some measurements have been made at 77, 363, 398, and 425 K, respectively, and a sample with Nb instead of Ta has also been examined.…
Temperature dependence of bulk and surface energy bands in copper using angle-resolved photoemission
We have directly measured thermally induced changes in surface and bulk energy-band dispersions of copper by examining angle-resolved photoemission from Cu(111) and Cu(100) surfaces for temperatures from 25 to 500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Polarized synchrotron radiation was used as the photon source. Obser…