Materials Literature
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Today, most railway applications use hybrid power modules. These IGBT modules are constituted of several dielectric materials to achieve chip packaging. Due to the presence of high voltage, new phenomena which could be previously ignored for lower voltage ratings have now to be taken into account. This is the case of…
Study of partial discharge (PD) behavior in electrical apparatus is important to know the degradation of insulating materials. The characterization of these pulses in the form of cavity discharge, corona discharge and surface discharge is important to identify the faulty location and to quantify the degree of deterior…
A PECVD deposited carbon hardmask is combined with dielectric anti-reflective coating (DARC) for the patterning of sub-90nm lines with 248nm lithography. Using this CVD dual layer stack, <1% reflectivity control is demonstrated for both 248nm and 193nm lithography. The film stack is tested with an etch integration sch…
Sensors operating in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band have been used to detect internal discharges during site testing of a 1000 MVA oil-filled transformer. The transformer was operated at voltages exceeding normal levels by up to 15%. Two discharge sources were detected at both sensors using UHF test equipment. Di…
An extensive laboratory reaction kinetics study was performed on the “direct process” of methyl chloride and silicon, also commonly referred to as the methylchlorosilane (MCS) reaction. Temperature and concentrations of copper, zinc, and tin were varied. Reaction rate reproducibility and repeatability were improved by…
An experimental investigation into the propagation behaviour of partial discharge (PD) pulses in a continuous disc type 6.6kV transformer winding is described in this paper. PD pulses were injected into the winding using a calibrator and the resulting current signals at the line and neutral end terminals measured usin…
An all electrochemical deposition process was developed to prepare the polypyrrole nanocomposite films containing multiple layers of CdSe and CdTe. The CdSe layer grew on top of polypyrrole in a Volmer−Weber mode leading to an increase in surface roughness, while the subsequent CdTe layer filled up the interisland spa…
The propagation of electrical trees along interfaces in epoxy resin is described. The electrical trees grew in needle-plane samples with and without internal barriers up to the final breakdown. The barrier materials glass, mica and PTFE had been chosen because they have significantly different bond mechanisms to the e…
We develop an rf circuit model for single walled carbon nanotubes for both dc and capacitively contacted geometries. By modeling the nanotube as a nano-transmission line with distributed kinetic and magnetic inductance as well as distributed quantum and electrostatic capacitance, we calculate the complex, frequency de…
This paper presents a new method to mitigate inrush currents caused by transformer energization. The method uses a grounding resistor connected at the transformer neutral and delayed energization of each phase of the transformer. The proposed method was tested by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation and laboratory experiments. Both…
Abstract The synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and computational analysis of an imidazole‐based analogue of porphycene are described. The macrocycle, given the trivial name “imidacene”, was prepared by reductive coupling of a diformyl‐substituted 2,2′‐biimidazole using low‐valent titanium, followed by treatment wit…
A mean-field nonlinear equation for the mean-square displacement, recently proposed by one of the present authors [M. Tokuyama, Phys. Rev. E 62, R5915 (2000); Physica A 289, 57 (2001)], for concentrated, equilibrium suspensions of hard spheres is extended to describe equilibrium atomic systems of hard spheres. The val…
Functionally gradient materials (FGM) have a spatial distribution of permittivity in order to achieve an efficient stress control. The application of FGM to solid spacers for gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is expected to improve electric field distribution around the spacer. In this paper, we discussed the applicabili…
The paper deals with the surface charge accumulation on spacers of gas-insulated substations (GIS) applied to HVDC. The surface charge accumulation on solid insulators is a major problem of HVDC systems because it distorts the field distribution and reduces the breakdown voltage. The paper presents the mechanism and e…
This paper describes epoxy casting, insulation and operating mechanism technologies applied to newly developed solid insulated switchgear (SIS). The main insulating material is epoxy resin of high toughness and high thermal-resistance. This resin increases mechanical and electrical strength, and enables the vacuum int…
This publication deals with UHF and acoustic partial discharge (PD) detection sensitivity assessment of paper/oil insulation configurations which are typical of power transformers. Even though the basis of this topic has been developed some time ago, the knowledge of the accuracy and limits of the sensitivity is of in…
Advances in liquid crystal (LC) materials and VLSI technology have enabled the development of multi-phase spatial light modulators (SLM) that can perform high-resolution, dynamic optical beam positioning as well as temporal and spatial beam shaping in the 1550 nm optical communication window. These attractive features…
Surface charge accumulation on insulating materials, which are located next to electrodes in electrical devices may lead to a change of the electrical field. In some cases the breakdown voltage of electrode arrangements could be exceeded. For the investigations an insulating plate made from PTFE was used. The test set…
The synthesis and structure of the tautomeric Cd(II) isoindoline zwitterion coordination compound [Cd(4'-MeLH)(NO(3))(2)].CH(3)OH (4'-MeLH = 1,3-bis[2-(4-methylpyridyl)imino]isoindoline) are reported. In methylene chloride solution, tautomer interconversion occurs as the N-H proton moves between the identical imine ni…
This research studied the optimal design of shape memory alloy (SMA) muscle wire bundle actuators. Current literature describes the use of multiple muscle wires placed in parallel to increase the lifting capabilities of an SMA actuator, which however, is limited to wires of like-diameter. A constrained optimization pr…