Materials Literature
按标题、摘要、年份、主题和来源检索公开元数据。结果保留作者、摘要、分类与原始来源链接。
The Fermi pencil-beam approximation describes the broadening of a monoenergetic, nearly monodirectional particle beam in an optically thick system in which the mean scattering angle is small and large-angle scattering is negligible. This physical problem has applications in such diverse fields as astrophysics, materia…
The corrosion films on iron in aqueous carbonate/bicarbonate solutions were studied as a function of concentration, pH, and temperature by using the technique of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy with electrodeposited silver. Both and were detected in the surface oxide film at prepassivation potentials. Iron carbona…
A phenoxynaphthacenequinone forms a densely packed monolayer together with 1-tetradecanethiol on a gold electrode. The assembly can be reversibly switched to enable amperometric transduction of an optical signal. In the diagram on the right the current is switched off by irradiation with UV light.
Abstract The polymer systems are discussed in the framework of the Landau‐Ginzburg model. The model is derived from the mesoscopic Edwards Hamiltonian via the conditional partition function. We discuss flexible, semiflexible and rigid polymers. The following systems are studied: polymer blends, flexible diblock and mu…
Partial substitution of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by manganese dioxide (MnO2) in polyamide 6 (PA-6) fire retarded with 20% of APP strongly increases the fire retardant effect. ‘Linear pyrolysis’ experiments, which are modified cone calorimeter tests, show an increase in the amount and an improvement of the shieldin…
Infrared spectroscopy has been coupled with the polarization modulation technique in order to characterize the molecular orientation in films of azopolymers irradiated in situ with polarized visible light. The results obtained on disperse red 1-containing amorphous azopolymer (pDR1A) demonstrate the high efficiency of…
The ion contamination in twisted nematic liquid crystals should be limited to assure good electro-optical performance of AM-LCDs. Today, pure liquid crystal mixtures are produced, though little information is available on long term stability, and on the kind of ions that contaminate the liquid crystal. The first step…
Recent advances in the theory of characteristic X-ray emission from crystals under dynamic electron diffraction conditions are used in developing a new fully quantitative statistical method for atom location by channelling-enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI). Limitations imposed by delocalization, disorder and occupancy…
Ultrathin \ensuremath{\gamma}-Fe/Cu(001) films are unstable with respect to the fcc\ensuremath{\rightarrow}bcc phase transition with the reported onset of transformation as early as at 5 ML. Here we demonstrate that with the help of a collaborative surfactant effect of carbon and oxygen, \ensuremath{\gamma}-Fe films u…
The skin replacements presently used for wound coverage vascularize less well than do autologous split-thickness skin grafts. Understanding how autologous grafts vascularize can lead to methods to improve skin-replacement vascularization. Fresh human skin was grafted on athymic mice. Endothelial cells were stained by…
We present molecular dynamics simulations on ubiquitin with explicit solvent molecules and investigate the influence of different force fields [Weiner et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106:765-784, 1984; J. Comput. Chem. 7:230-252, 1986) vs. Cornell et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:5179-5197, 1995)], different treatments of the…
To determine the molecular orientation of rubbed and unrubbed poly[4,4′-oxydiphenylene- pyromellitimide] (PMDA-ODA) films, we have measured the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of PMDA-ODA films on Si substrates as a function of the incident angle. The molecular orientation was determined by fitting the incident angle…
The superconducting transition temperatures $({T}_{c})$ and N\'eel temperatures $({T}_{N})$ have been determined for thirty $({R}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{R}_{x}^{\ensuremath{'}}){\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ single crystals. For ${T}_{c}>{T}_{N}$, deviations from de Gennes scaling occur that are probably…
Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals of Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –PbTiO 3 (PZN-PT) are of interest as high performance transducers due to their very large piezoelectric coupling and dielectric properties. A high temperature flux solution method was used to grow (1- x )PZN-( x )PT, where x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.15 single crys…
Partial substitution of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by manganese dioxide (MnO2) in polyamide 6 (PA-6) fire retarded with 20% of APP strongly increases the fire retardant effect. ‘Linear pyrolysis’ experiments, which are modified cone calorimeter tests, show an increase in the amount and an improvement of the shieldin…
Phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) can be utilised for various dosimetric applications, e.g. high dose dosimetry, dose re-evaluation, and ultraviolet (UV) and laser radiation dosimetry. Different parameters of PTTL in CaSO4:Dy using laser and UV radiation have been studied and are reported. CaSO4Dy is an extre…
An analysis of the rate and extent of lead leaching from a lead-based paint was completed. At low-solution pH, dissolution was rapid and approached 80 of the total lead. Residual lead can be estimated based on the predicted solubility of lead carbonate and basic lead carbonate. Release of lead from the paint was slowe…
Oxidation states of porous Si, oxidized by oxygen excited by electron impact, have been analyzed using synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SR-PES), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, and the relationship between the oxidation states and PL properties has…
At the Karlsruhe Monitoring Service photoluminescence dosimetry (PLD) systems have been used in environmental monitoring since the middle of the 60s. Nowadays flat glass dosemeters with a pattern approval by the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and full automatic readout using pulsed UV laser excitation and…
The results of an ultrasonic study of SrTiO3 in the temperature range from 20 to 120K using an electrostrictive interdigital transducer for longitudinal waves and e piezoelectric transducer for shear waves have been presented. A thermally activated relaxation loss mechanism due to strain-induced domain wall motion has…