Materials Literature
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Two major barriers to wider use of ethanol as an engine fuel are ethanol's low heating value per volume relative to gasoline and higher hydrocarbon emissions at startup. Ethanol provides about one-third lower fuel economy than gasoline on a volu…
In spite of six decades of research, the underlying micromechanisms of deformation of titanium alloys, with their diversity of microstructures and single-crystal behaviour, are still not well understood. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction allow for the evolution of lattice strain, texture, and phase fractions t…
In multilayer optical discs, light reflected by out-of-focus layers, which we call interlayer crosstalk, causes the tracking error signal to fluctuate, making the readout signal unstable. We previously proposed a novel method to use a grating along the optical axis in the return path of a pickup to suppress the fluctu…
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">For reducing NOx emissions, EGR is effective, but an excessive EGR rate causes the deterioration of smoke emission. Here, we have defined the EGR rate before the smoke emission deterioration while the EGR rate is increasing as the limiting EGR r…
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A turbocharger essentially consists of a turbine and an impeller wheel connected on a common shaft. The turbocharger converts waste energy from the exhaust into compressed air, which is pushed into an engine to produce more power and torque, as…
An optimization-based computational model is proposed to study domain evolution in polycrystalline ferroelectrics composed of numerous grains, each of which consists of multiple domains. Domain switching is realized by an optimization process to minimize the free energy of each grain. Similar to phase field modeling,…
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Natural fibers have shown promise as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites in automotive applications. Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups from cellulose and lignin, natural fibers exhibit highly hydrophilic properties. This makes fiber-…
An electrically driven silicon light emitting diode with two distributed Bragg reflectors is reported. The active material is a Si pn-junction fabricated by boron ion implantation into an n-type silicon-on-insulator wafer. The cavity with a thickness of a few wavelengths is formed by amorphous Si/SiO2 multilayer stack…
Single‐phase ZnO nanoparticles were successfully prepared by solid–liquid reaction ball milling assisted by ultrasonic wave. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. By the comparison of the as‐milled products with and without the help of ultrasonic wave, it is found th…
Dendrons with ferrocenyl ended groups joined by styryl moieties were attached to a porphyrin core. All the dendrons used for dendrimer synthesis showed trans configuration. The chemical structure of the first generation dendron was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies. The structure of the synthesized dendrimer…
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">It is rare for a single technology to have the power to dramatically influence almost every major industry in the world. Nanotechnology falls into this category and offers fundamentally new capabilities to architect a broad array of novel materi…
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">For urea Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems, adaptive control is of interest to provide a capability of maintaining high NO<sub>x</sub> conversion efficiency and low ammonia slip in the presence of uncertainties in the syste…
BaTiO 3 and SrTiO 3 perovskites of the A 2+ B 4+ O 3 type form complete solid solution, Sr 1− x Ba x TiO 3 , which can accommodate a substantial amount of donor dopants, for example, La. At high oxygen partial pressure, La dopants in SrTiO 3 are compensated by A‐site vacancies, whereas in BaTiO 3 they are compensated…
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Global pressures to reduce CO₂ emissions and to lessen the influence of petroleum imports on national economies have accelerated the electrification of automotive power plants. The paradigm shift is driving investment in technologies aligned wit…
We show that with increasing magnitude of current (I), insulator-metal (I-M) transition in Sm0.6Sr0.4MnO3 becomes discontinuous and shifts down in temperature, which is accompanied by an abrupt decrease in temperature of the sample while cooling. The I-M transition exhibits a hysteresis while warming. A magnetic field…
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">An advanced diesel aftertreatment system utilizing Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea for lean nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) control was tested on a 2.7L V6 Land Rover vehicle to demonstrate the capability of achieving…
A novel strong‐fluorescent Tb‐containing hydrotalcite‐like compound (Tb‐HTlc) was prepared using the coprecipitation method. The Tb‐HTlc has a special layer structure, in which aluminum(III) was partially substituted by terbium(III) in the hydrotalcite‐like layers; acetylacetone and 1,10‐phenanthroline were dispersed…
Abstract In this paper, flower‐, star‐, and chain‐like hierarchically nanostructured nickel crystals as well as [Ni(N 2 H 4 ) 2 ]Cl 2 nanorods were first synthesized by a simple reduction method. This method is template‐free, environmentally benign, and can be carried out at low temperature (60 °C) with high efficienc…
Abstract Oxygen mobility on Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalysts is generally considered to be rather slow compared with other noble metal catalysts. This study shows that oxygen can be exchanged from gas‐phase CO 2 produced during, for example, methane oxidation, more rapidly than from O 2 molecules. The oxygen exchange from C 18 O…
Abstract BACKGROUND: Although chlorination is an effective and widely employed method of water disinfection, it suffers serious drawbacks such as the formation of toxic chlorinated by‐products. Therefore, other disinfection technologies have been researched and developed, including advanced oxidation. RESULTS: The eff…