Materials Literature
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PbS nanocrystal (nc-PbS)-C60 photovoltaic devices are demonstrated, in which nc-PbS function as electron donors, showing infrared photosensitivity up to 1600nm. Annealing nc-PbS is proved to remove capping oleic acid ligands, studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, significantly improving the short circuit cur…
Preface. 1 Composites. 1.1. Classification and types of composites. 1.2. Deformation, damage and fracture of composites: micromechanisms and roles of phases. 2. Mesoscale level in the mechanics of materials. 2.1. On the definitions of scale levels: Micro- and mesomechanics. 2.2. Size effects. 2.3. Biocomposites. 2.4.…
The dispersion of ZrB 2 particles was investigated. In aqueous systems, the surface of ZrB 2 consists of a thin layer of ZrO 2 that controls the surface chemistry and surface charge. Measurements showed that the ZrB 2 had an isoelectric point of pH=4.7 and a maximum ζ potential of −50 mV at pH=9. The addition of a dis…
Ionic liquid (IL), such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), as an activator for the epoxidation of a wide variety of olefins with H2O2 catalyzed by Keggin polyoxometalate [bmim]3PW12O40 has been demonstrated. Use of IL results both in significant enhancement of TOF and selectivity for ole…
Simulation results of a metamaterial structure which uses cubic high dielectric resonators, periodically embedded in a low dielectric background in a cubic lattice, are presented. Cubic dielectric resonators have degenerate modes, which imply that the TE and TM modes have the same resonant frequency. The proposed meta…
High‐power density and high durability are the main targets for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) development at Forschungszentrum Jülich. Power density has been further increased by variation of the material composition of perovskite‐based cathodes (Sr content, Co content, substoichiometry) and by optimization of the diff…
Abstract Optical properties of multiwall boron nitride nanotubes are investigated by means of luminescence and absorption spectroscopies. Cathodoluminescence imaging shows that boron nitride nanotubes are highly UV luminescent materials and that the luminescence is located all along the nanotube. In comparison with th…
Microstructural control in thin‐layer multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) is one of the present‐day challenges for maintaining an increase in capacitive volumetric efficiency. The present paper continues a series of investigations aimed at understanding and controlling the microstructural stability of ultrathin Ni e…
Er and Cr doped β-Ga2O3 nano- and microwires have been grown by thermal treatments of Ga2O3 powder containing a fraction of Er2O3 powder or in the presence of Cr2O3 powder, respectively. Doping gives rise to the characteristic red photoluminescence (PL) of Cr3+ ions at about 700nm and to green emission of Er3+ at abou…
This letter reports superior properties of Ru- and RuNX-bearing Cu films deposited by cosputtering on barrierless Si substrates. After annealing at temperatures up to 680°C for 1h, low resistivity of ∼3μΩcm and minimal leakage currents as well as no detectable reaction at the Cu∕Si interface have confirmed the excelle…
Organic/inorganic heterojunction solar cells were fabricated on the (100) face of n-type silicon crystals using acid-doped polyaniline (PANI) with widely varying conductivities. For films with conductivities below 10−1S∕cm, the open-circuit voltage VOC increases with increasing film conductivity as expected when VOC i…
Phase-change memory (PCM) reliability is affected by the crystallization of the amorphous chalcogenide material. To reduce measurement time, crystallization of the active material, usually a chalcogenide alloy, is generally studied at high temperature (T > 160degC), while data retention is to be predicted for lower te…
Abstract The influence of ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiation on the photodegradation mechanism of different average degrees of polymerization ( DP ) of poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) with UV‐irradiation time was investigated by viscosity‐average molecular weight determination, UV‐vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT…
Composite materials reinforced with natural fibres, such as flax, hemp, kenaf and jute, are gaining increasing importance in automotive, aerospace, packaging and other industrial applications due to their lighter weight, competitive specific strength and stiffness, improved energy recovery, carbon dioxide sequestratio…
BiFeO 3 -based materials are expected to have both ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism simultaneously. In this study, BiFeO 3 -based ceramics have been fabricated by the solid state reaction. The effect of BaTiO 3 content in BiFeO 3 -BaTiO 3 system on the crystal structure, the magnetic properties and the electrical p…
Abstract Infrared and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterise synthetic mixed carbonate and vanadate hydrotalcites of formula Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 (CO 3 ) 2− , (VO 4 ) 3− ·4H 2 O. The spectra were used to assess the molecular assembly of the cations and anions in the hydrotalcite structure. The spectra may be conven…
Abstract Generation of microdischarges inside porous ceramics by AC high voltage was explored. The physical properties of the microdischarges were investigated by electrical measurements, photographic visualization, and optical emission spectroscopy. The effects of pore size, discharge power, and gas mixture compositi…
Abstract Raman spectroscopy complemented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study a series of selected natural halogenated carbonates from different origins, including bastnasite, parisite and northupite. The position of CO 3 2− symmetric stretching vibration varies with the mineral composition. An additional…
Nonvolatile memory device using indium selenide nanowire as programmable resistive element was fabricated and its resistive switching property was studied as functions of electrical pulse width and voltage magnitude. The nanowire memory can be repeatedly switched between high-resistance (∼1011Ω) and low-resistance (∼6…
By applying nonequilibrium Green’s functions in combination with the density-functional theory, we investigate the electronic transport properties of molecular junctions constructed by the mirror symmetrical straight carbon-nanotube heterojunctions. The results show that the length and size of heterojunction play an i…