Materials Literature
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Abstract We report calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) of 50–2000 eV electrons for a group of 14 organic compounds: 26‐ n ‐paraffin, adenine, β‐carotene, bovine plasma albumin, deoxyribonucleic acid, diphenylhexatriene, guanine, kapton, polyacetylene, poly(butene‐1‐sulfone), polyethylene, polyme…
Abstract The aqueous polymerization of pyrrole with varying FeCl 3 /Py mol ratio produces black insoluble powders. IR characterization reveals the shifting of the NH stretching band to higher frequency with increasing FeCl 3 amount in the feed composition due to lowering of intermolecular H‐bonding. SEM shows a spong…
The structure of the beta form of copper(I) iodide has been investigated. The hexagonal beta -CuI exists as a single phase between 647 K and 655 K and shows marked anisotropy in its thermal expansion within this small temperature range. The high quality of the diffraction data has allowed the corrected structure for b…
The review is devoted to theoretical and experimental problems in the study of liquid crystals by light scattering methods. Nematic, cholesteric, and smectic liquid crystals in the isotropic and ordered phases are considered. The possible types of fluctuations are discussed for each phase. In the isotropic phase, spec…
The spatial variation of the growth rate on mesa-etched GaAs (1̄1̄1̄)B substrates during molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs is measured from the period of the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillation using in situ scanning microprobe RHEED. The surface diffusion length of Ga adatoms on the…
Quantitative measurements of oxygen octahedra local rotation angles are reported for the antiferrodistortive type perovskites, ${\mathrm{Na}}_{0.82}$${\mathrm{K}}_{0.18}$${\mathrm{TaO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{NaTaO}}_{3}$. The results were obtained using a detailed analysis of x-ray absorption fine structure spectra. Thes…
A quantum-mechanical calculation of the non-radiative transition rate by multiphonon processes is performed by employing a more direct mathematical approach than those used by previous workers. Based on the trap potential model proposed by Lucovsky and the optical deformation form of electron-phonon interaction, the a…
The composite thin films of Au-V2O5 were prepared by means of an alternating thermal deposition technique. The electrochromic properties of the films were dependent on Au contents and calcination temperature. The composite film containing 26 at. % Au calcined at 400 °C gave clear electrochromism of reddish-violet (cat…
PbS particles of average diameters ranging from 9.9 to 18.0 nm have been synthesized within a polyacrylamide matrix. The percolative chains of these particles exhibit intrinsic semiconducting behavior at temperatures higher than 340 K. The estimated band gap for these particles are found to be much higher than that of…
The photoluminescence emission of porous silicon was regularly measured while immersed in dilute metal ion solutions of Cu, Ag, and Au. The emission spectra show progressive quenching that advances from the blue edge towards the red edge of the emission band, causing a continuous shift in the band center and a narrowi…
Abstract The aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)–polyacrylic acid, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)–poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(vinyl alcohol) blends have been studied by ultrasonic, rheological, and viscometric techniques. Extensive investigation over a wide range of concentrations, temperatures,…
Light-scattering measurements have enabled us to determine that the transition to sonoluminescence is characterized by a bifurcation in the dynamics of a trapped pulsating bubble. These experiments also reveal that in the sonoluminescence (SL) state, changes in bubble radius of only 20% are associated with factors of…
Abstract The tendrils of the egg capsule of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula appear to act as damped springs which become entagled with one another, attaching the capsule firmly to the seaweed Halidrys siliquosa. The present paper describes the structure of tendrils and their method of formation in a specialized regi…
Sonoluminescence (SL) is generated from single, stably oscillating bubbles in a stationary, time-periodic acoustic field. By measuring the time dealy between flashes, the dynamics of the phenomenon has been investigated. While other researchers have concentrated on the remarkable periodic stability of the system, pres…
ZnGa2O4 having the spinel structure was prepared, and optical and electrical properties of the material were measured. By the measurements of diffuse reflectance spectra, ZnGa2O4 was found to have a wider band gap (∼5 eV) than ITO (indium tin oxide). Electrical conductivity of the H2-annealed ceramic of ZnGa2O4 was 3×…
We report electrical switching of the diffraction efficiency in volume Bragg gratings written holographically in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). Scanning electron microscopy confirms the volume nature of the gratings and shows that they consist of periodic PDLC planes. The diffraction efficiency can be swit…
Abstract A low carbon steel was heat-treated by various processes, so that different microstructures including ferrite + pearlite, bainite, bainite + martensite, martensite, and temper martensite were obtained. These heat-treated specimens were used to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics by HIC immersi…
Abstract In this paper the history of wrought duplex stainless steel development and applications is described. Ferritic-austenitic stainless steels were introduced only a few decades after stainless steels were developed. The paper gives details from the first duplex stainless steels in the 1930’s to the super duplex…
Abstract During a scale inhibitor squeeze treatment, the dynamics of the inhibitor return is governed by the inhibitor/rock interaction. In the case of adsorption/desorption inhibitor treatments, this interaction is described through the inhibitor/rock adsorption isotherm. The rock mineralogy plays an important role i…
Abstract Carbon dioxide corrosion of carbon steel has been studied as a function of CO2 partial pressure (0.05 to 2.1 MPa), temperature (20, 40 60 and 90 °C), pH (4 to 6) and flow velocity (0.1, 3.1, 8.5, and 13 m/s) under conditions where protective iron carbonate films do not form. The experiments were carried out u…