Materials Literature
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Abstract A new mechanistic model for environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) of metallic materials is presented. In this model the mechanism of cracking involves selective dissolution or oxidation of metallic cations in the oxide film and transport of the generated vacancies to the base metal ahead of the crack tip. T…
Abstract External stress-corrosion cracking of pipelines is a serious problem for the gas transmission industry. Longitudinal cracks initiate on the outside surface of the pipe and link up to form flaws that, in some cases, can lead to pipe rupture. This paper presents a model that quantifies the effect of stress-corr…
Abstract Corrosion resistance of some downhole tubing materials were studied in a recirculating flow loop simulating conditions that induce flow enhanced corrosion. The selected materials included carbon steels (AISI 1018, API X-52), coiled tubing, 0.5% Cr, and 13% Cr (AISI 420) martensitic steel The X-52 steel showed…
Abstract External microbiological influenced corrosion (MIC) underneath disbonded pipeline coating systems is a serious dilemma in the industry. In the past and even today, it has not been recognized as such because it has been primarily mistaken for galvanic corrosion. Due to the type of coating materials used in the…
Abstract The effect of inclination on flow regimes and individual flow characteristics has been studied and the subsequent effect on corrosion has also been examined. Experiments were carried out in high pressure. 10 cm diameter, inclinable flow loops using brine, one oil with water cuts of 100, 80, and 60%, using car…
Abstract Desalination is a process in which dissolved impurities are removed from water. Three processes commonly employed include: distillation, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. This paper provides a general discussion of various desalination processes including advantages and disadvantages of each, performance…
Abstract Polyaspartates are highly biodegradable alternatives to polyacrylate based scale inhibitors. This paper presents laboratory testing data on polyaspartate inhibitors of calcium and barium mineral scales. The optimum molecular weight for polyaspartate inhibitors of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and barium…
Abstract For the first time fracture mechanical properties of scales from wet corrosion were considered with respect to the initiation steps of flow induced localized corrosion (FILC) of steel under conditions of scale forming corrosion processes. Fracture mechanical data for iron carbonate scales from carbon dioxide…
Abstract The effect of microstructure and Cr content in steels on CO2 corrosion was investigated by using steels containing Cr content from 0 to 13 mass% melted in laboratory and Steels J55, N80 and L80(API Grade) melted in the mill. Temperatures and H2S contamination were considered as environmental factor. In CO2 en…
Abstract In order to shed more light on the anodic reaction mechanism in CO2 corrosion of mild steel, two different kinds of electrochemical measurements were used: potentiodynamic sweep and galvanostatic measurements. Experiments were conducted in a glass cell at room temperature (T=22 ± 1 °C), different CO2 partial…
Abstract Current models often over-predict CO2 corrosion rates for wet gas and oil transport systems. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that the formation of corrosion product scales is not properly taken into account. An evaluation of in-house and literature experiments has been carried out to develop an e…
The stability of metallic clusters of sodium (Na) in the octahedral cages of Na-doped fullerites Na6C60 and Na11C60 is discussed within a Thomas-Fermi model. It is shown that the tetrahedral Na4-cluster in Na6C60 has an electric charge of cca. +2.7 (in electron charge units), while the body-centered cubic Na9-cluster…
The resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum of the free radical SnF has been recorded using excitation wavelengths in the range 540 to 360 nm. The previously documented C 2Δ, D, E 2Π, and F 2Σ+ states and two hitherto unidentified excited states, the H and I 2Φ states, were all observed as two-photon resona…
A parameterized tight-binding model is applied to calculate the equilibrium structures, energies, band gaps and elastic properties of graphitic nanotubes with various helicities and radii. The structures, energies and band gaps for the tubes of large radii are in agreement with more accurate calculations. The elastic…
The adsorption of a single polymer chain onto a solid surface is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The chain is composed of mass points interacting via a truncated Lennard-Jones potential, i.e., the excluded volume interaction is taken into account, and grafted to the surface with one end. The average ad…
We present the theory of the analytical calculation of the SCF dipole polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities for molecular solutes described within the framework of the polarization continuum model. The formulation refers to a cavity with an accurately modeled molecular shape. Calculations of the components of the α…
The crystallization and transition temperatures of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in blends with polycarbonate (PC) is considered using thermal analysis. Additives typically used in commercial polyester blends, transesterification inhibitor and antioxidant, are found to enhance the crystallization rate of PET. Dif…
The so-termed starburst dendritic polyesters differ from classical polymers by their structural symmetry, high degree of branching, and high density of terminal functionality. The divergent synthesis of a series of polydisperse dendritic polyesters based upon pentaerythritol and 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride, m…
A very convenient synthetic method is described for the known cyclic aryloxyphosphazenes [N3P3(OC6H4-R)6] (R = Br, CN, CHO, COCH3, COC6H5, and NO2). The method is based on the direct reaction of [N3P3Cl6] with six equivalents of the para-substituted phenols HOC6H4-R and K2CO3 in refluxing acetone and is characterized…
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis measurements were used to study the influence of the acidic comonomers acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid on the exothermic reactions occurring during the heat treatment of acrylonitrile copolymers under air atmosphere. The presence…