Materials Literature
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The laminated ferroelectric 180 degrees domain structure optically observed in uniaxial ferroelectric KDP is periodic along the normal to the domain walls. Each half-period of the domain structure is characterized by the first four pre-fractals of the pentad Cantor sets. In order to investigate the thermodynamic stabi…
Capacitively coupled radio frequency (cc-rf) plasmas offer advantages over microwave (MW) induced plasmas for the growth of large area homogeneous thin films. However, conventionally designed cc-rf sources lead, at best, to extremely poor quality material when diamond growth is attempted. The first complete diamond ov…
Nonresonant third-order harmonic generation from CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X was observed at a fundamental wavelength of 1900 nm. To avoid scattering from the surfaces of the small zeolite crystals, the powder samples were dispersed in a liquid with nearly the same refractive index as that of the samp…
High-efficiency diffractive elements with a graded volume distribution of refractive index are proposed, designed, and fabricated using thermal ion exchange in glass. A deliberate use of isotropic diffusion of ions enables us to generate, even with a single binary mask, a structure that acts like a continuous surface-…
In this letter the observation by scanning tunneling microscopy of a Au(111) surface reconstruction induced by prolonged annealing of gold films in oxygen (pO2=1 bar) at high temperature (T=800 °C) is reported. At the atomic scale, the surface is characterized by a (√3×√3)R30° surface structure. In addition, the surfa…
Scanning tunneling microscopy observations reveal a new mechanism for Ni(100) surface oxidation. It is dominated by nucleation at steps and lateral growth of 2D oxide islands. At 300 K nucleation is facile and oxidation starts at rather low exposures. At higher temperatures the interaction between chemisorbed O and Ni…
The antiferroelectric-two ferroelectric (F R(LT )-F R(HT ))-paraelectric phase sequence was ascertained in PZT-95/5 ceramics. Unusual behaviour of the temperature characteristics of electric permittivity, tan delta , remanent polarization and pyroelectric current was observed in the range of diffuse transition between…
Glasses of the formula xPbCl2-(30-x)PbO-40B2O3-30P2O5 (0<or=x<or=30 mol%) were prepared and their physical properties have been studied. To enhance the conductivity of these glasses, the 'mixed former effect' and the halide salt (PbCl2) doping effect have been combined. The decrease in Tg and increase in both the ther…
The third-order nonlinear optical properties of multilayered films containing 23% by weight of an axially modified silicon phthalocyanine derivative have been measured by degenerate four-wave mixing at 532 nm with 70 ps full width at half maximum pulses. The average χ(3)of the films measured at (1.33±0.15) ×10−11 esu…
Correlation between growth mode transition and photoluminescence (PL) properties of Si1−xGex/Si quantum wells (QWs) with high Ge composition grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy is investigated. With increasing Ge composition in the QWs, significant deviation from the theoretical calculation is observed for x≳0.…
A new type of correlated disorder is shown to be responsible for the appearance of extended electronic states in one-dimensional aperiodic systems like the Thue-Morse lattice. Our analysis leads to an understanding of the underlying reason for the extended states in this system, for which only numerical evidence is av…
We show that the coupling between aggregation and sedimentation in colloidal suspensions gives rise to either cluster deposition or to settling of a gelled suspension, depending on the volume fraction of particles. In the latter case, we report novel settling properties which are interpreted in terms of the specific s…
A new silicon clathrate compound containing barium, (Na,Ba) ${}_{x}$S${\mathrm{i}}_{46}$, becomes a type-II superconductor with a critical temperature $({T}_{\mathrm{c}})$ of about 4 K. In the compound, the silicon atoms are bonded tetrahedrally with about the same bond distances as in ordinary cubic diamond Si, but f…
The simultaneous time-resolved study of structure development and reaction kinetics during polymer processing is an experimental method that has great potential in developing a deeper understanding of the parameters that govern the formation of structure and therefore polymer properties. A combination of synchrotron r…
Polythiophene (Pth) was electrochemically deposited onto stainless steel substrate from freshly distilled boron fluoride-ethyl ether containing 10 millimoles of thiophene per liter. The free-standing Pth film obtained at an applied potential of 1.3 volts (versus Ag/AgCl) had a conductivity of 48.7 siemens per centimet…
Substitutional ordering of Y1-xErxAlO3 (0 ≦ × ≦ 0.45) mixed crystals due to the mutual arrangement of ions Y and Er over lattice sites is studied by NMR, ultrasonic, and heat pulse techniques. It is shown that clustering of solid solution occurs in the concentration range x ≦ 0.10, the maximum degree of clustering bei…
The Ge1-xSnxSe2.5 system is prepared by melting the proper ratio of high purity elements in evacuated quartz ampoules followed by quenching in ice-water mixture. The glassy state can be formed when 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.4, while increasing Sn content to x = 0.6 a partially crystalline ingot is formed. Ge1-xSnxSe2.5 thin films (0…
The experimentally inaccessible depth profile of magnetic surface domains on slightly misoriented iron-like crystals is calculated within the framework of domain theory. Using these results the flux transported by supplementary domains in transformer materials can be deduced from surface observations.
The Grüneisen parameter (γ) of the I–III–VI2 chalcopyrite compounds is calculated from the reported room-temperature thermal conductivity (χ) data using a modified form of the Leibfried and Schlömann theory that takes into account the effect of the crystal structure. It is also found that γ varies linearly with the Ph…
Dielectric constant ϵ, loss tan δ, and conductivity σ of ZnF2-PbO-TeO2 glasses (composition 20, 12, 68 by wt%), subjected to X-ray irradiation for 1 h in the presence of a dc field up to 15 kV cm−1, are measured in the frequency range 2 × 102 to 107 Hz and in the temperature range 30 to 200 °C. The space charge and di…