Materials Literature
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Abstract Corrosion is a costly problem for military operations and civil industries. While most corrosion initiates from localized corrosion such as pitting, failure directly caused by localized corrosion can be very dangerous, as it is difficult to anticipate and prevent, and often occurs very suddenly. One way of pr…
Abstract One method to control significant metal losses occurring due to corrosion in the oil and gas industry is to use corrosion inhibitors. Erosion-corrosion occurs when corrosion is accompanied by solid particle impingement. Erosion-corrosion is receiving increased attention due to the current trends in operating…
Abstract The Transportation, Aging and Disposal (TAD) canister-based system is being proposed to transport and store spent nuclear fuel at the Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) located at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The preliminary design of this system identifies borated stainless steel as the neutron absorber material…
Abstract With the voluntary withdrawal of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) for use in residential construction in January 2004, the corrosiveness of treated wood has become a concern. Preliminary research has shown the replacements for CCA, which include copper azole (CuAz) and alkaline copper quatern…
Abstract The corrosion behavior of several metallic alloys have been determined in Supercritical CO2 at 650°C and CO2 pressures from 11.5-22.5 MPa for times from 1000 to 3000 hours. To accomplish this custom designed and fabricated high pressure testing systems were required. Residual Gas Analysis (RGA) monitoring of…
Abstract Previous work by the present authors has described the influence of a range of variables on atmospheric chloride-induced stress corrosion initiation behavior of Type 304 stainless steels using polished C-rings1. This paper extends the previous studies in order to establish the effect of surface condition on t…
Abstract When iron sulfide (FeS) film coats a carbon steel surface, it can affect the extent of corrosion and corrosion inhibition in several ways. A new laboratory experimental set up has been designed and used to study such effects. The apparatus provides various techniques of measuring the corrosion rate of FeS coa…
Abstract The permeation of hydrogen in steel in the presence of acid gases is not a simple phenomenon as the steel may contain trapping sites and also because the permeation may be governed by surface reactions associated with corrosion. Recently, hydrogen permeation experiments carried out at corrosion potential have…
Abstract Combustion of coal in an oxygen environment (as opposed to air) will facilitate the sequestering of carbon dioxide by minimizing the amount of nitrogen in the exit gas stream. The presence of higher levels of certain gases associated with oxyfuel combustion (eg, CO2, SO2, and H2O) may impact the corrosion of…
Abstract Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are generally recognized as the most destructive agents in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel under anaerobic conditions. However, other bacteria with different physiological properties are also considered to play roles in corrosion processes. These include t…
Abstract The objective of this research is to experimentally investigate the influence of H2S on CO2 on top of the line corrosion (TLC). Experiments were conducted in large scale multiphase flow loops at 3 bars absolute pressure and a fixed temperature of 70°C. Test duration ranged from 2 to 21 days. The tests were co…
Abstract The three key aspects of the top of the line corrosion process are condensation, chemical speciation and corrosion. The focus of this study is on the condensate speciation through a thermodynamic approach. Specifically, the aim of this study is to determine the concentration of acetic acid in the condensate.…
Abstract Bongkot is an offshore gas filed in the Gulf of Thailand in operation since 1992. The average CO2 content of the gas is 23%. Recently the decision was taken to produce gas from reservoirs containing higher percentage of CO2. Evaluations of the new corrosivity and the efficiency of chemical treatment are neede…
Abstract The extensive studies of used fuel dissolution inside a failed nuclear waste container have been reviewed. The primary controlling factor is the redox condition set at the fuel surface by water radiolysis, its evolution with time as radiation fields decay, and how it is influenced by the presence of oxidant s…
Abstract There is significant interest within the pipeline industry in transporting fuel-grade ethanol (FGE) as a result of the increased usage of ethanol as an oxygenating agent for gasoline and interest in ethanol as an alternative fuel. Currently, FGE is transported primarily by railroad tanker cars, tanker trucks,…
Abstract Deposition of colloidal silica and silicate based salts on equipment surfaces continue to pose serious challenges to industrial water technologists. Currently, a wide variety of non-polymeric and polymeric additives are used to combat the problems of silica scaling. These additives are generally effective as…
Multiple general transcription factors (GTFs), TBP and TFB, are present in many haloarchaea, and are deemed to accomplish global gene regulation. However, details and the role of GTF-directed transcriptional regulation in stress response are still not clear. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the regulat…
Abstract The Baram Delta operation (BDO), offshore Sarawak, Malaysia has been producing oil and gas since the late 1960s. No separation of produced water takes place offshore with all produced fluids being transported to the Miri Crude Oil Terminal for processing. Many of the crude oil pipelines operate with more than…
Abstract Elemental sulfur is often produced by sour gas wells, primarily due to the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. This may occur as a result of oxygen contamination. Alternatively, with pressure and temperature changes in the line, sulfur may precipitate and deposit on the pipeline walls. In the presence of water, co…
Abstract The background and development of three test methods for CO2 corrosion inhibitors in presence of solids are described: 1) Inhibitor performance testing in the presence of suspended solids; 2) Inhibitor performance testing on steel covered with sand deposits; and 3) Assessment of sand aggregate formation with…