Materials Literature
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We report on the development of a self-assembled donor for long-range fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). To this end, a three-chromophore FRET (3Ch-FRET) system was constructed, which consists of a luminescent quantum dot (QD), enhanced yellow fluorescent proteins (EYFP), and Atto647-dye-modified oligonucl…
Sizable nuclear spin polarization is pumped in individual InP/GaInP dots in a wide range of external magnetic fields B_ext=0-5T by circularly polarized optical excitation. We observe nuclear polarization of up to ~40% at Bext=1.5T and corresponding to an Overhauser field of ~1.2T. We find a strong feedback of the nucl…
A combination of experimental techniques, e.g. vector-MOKE magnetometry, Kerr microscopy and polarized neutron reflectometry, was applied to study the field induced evolution of the magnetization distribution over a periodic pattern of alternating exchange bias stripes. The lateral structure is imprinted into a contin…
We study the influence of different metallic substrates on the electron induced heating and heat dissipation of single C60 molecules in the junction of a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope. The electron current passing through the molecule produces a large amount of heat due to electron-phonon coupling, eve…
We demonstrate a sensitivity of the $\mathrm{Mn}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d$ valence states to strain in the ferromagnetic semiconductors (Ga,Mn)As and (Al,Ga,Mn)As using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The spectral shape of the Mn ${L}_{2,3}$ XMCD is dependent on the orientation of the magnetization, and…
We report magnetization experiments in two magnetically isolated ferromagnetic nanotubes of perovskite La$_{0.67}$Ca$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$. The results show that the magnetic anisotropy is determined by the sample shape although the coercive field is reduced by incoherent magnetization reversal modes. The temperature depend…
Dirac fermions interacting with a cylindrically symmetric quantum dot potential created in single and bilayer graphene are not confined but form quasibound states. The broadening of these quasibound states (i.e., the inverse of their lifetimes) decreases (increases) with the orbital momentum of the electron in the cas…
Diamond nanocrystals containing highly photoluminescent color centers are attractive, nonclassical, and near-field light sources. For near-field applications, the size of the nanocrystal is crucial, since it defines the optical resolution. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers are efficiently created by proton irradiati…
For Si and Ge nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in wide band-gap matrices, the Auger recombination and carrier multiplication (CM) lifetimes are computed exactly in a three-dimensional real space grid using empirical pseudopotential wave functions. Our results in support of recent experimental data offer other predictions.…
We investigate the superfluid phase transition in a gas of Fermi atoms loaded on a three-dimensional optical lattice. When the lattice potential is strong, this system can be well described by an attractive Hubbard model. In this model, we calculate the superfluid phase transition temperature Tc, including both superf…
Electric conduction in thin graphite film was tuned by two gate electrodes to clarify how the gate electric field induces electric carriers in thin graphite. The graphite was sandwiched between two gate electrodes arranged in a top and bottom gate configuration. A scan of the top gate voltage generates a resistance pe…
We measure magnetization changes in a single crystal of the single-molecule magnet Fe8 when exposed to intense, short (<20 $μ$s) pulses of microwave radiation resonant with the m = 10 to 9 transition. We find that radiation induces a phonon bottleneck in the system with a time scale of ~5 $μ$s. The phonon bottleneck,…
By a combination of geometrical and configurational analysis we study the properties of absolute minimal and equilibrium states of general Mumford-Shah functionals, with applications to models of quasistatic brittle fracture propagation. The main results concern the mathematical relations between physical quantities a…
Phase coherence is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. Understanding the loss of coherence is paramount for future quantum information processing. We studied the coherent dynamics of a single central spin (a nitrogen-vacancy center) coupled to a bath of spins (nitrogen impurities) in diamond. Our experiments s…
Two-dimensional graphene monolayers and bilayers exhibit fascinating electrical transport behaviors. Using infrared spectroscopy, we find that they also have strong interband transitions and that their optical transitions can be substantially modified through electrical gating, much like electrical transport in field-…
Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition. Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols. 1 Materials Used for Spraying. 1.1 Methods of Powders Production. 1.1.1 Atomization. 1.1.2 Sintering or Fusion. 1.1.3 Spray Drying (Agglomeration). 1.1.4 Cladding. 1.1.5 Mechanical Alloying (Mechanofusion). 1.1.6 Self-pro…
Maxwell’s curl equations lead to energy transport via electric and magnetic fields because spatial variations of one field lead to a temporal change in the other. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method of calculating electromagnetic fields takes advantage of this interplay of the fields by using a suitable gr…
We consider the quantization of the effective target space description of topological M-theory in terms of the Hitchin functional whose critical points describe seven-manifolds with G2 structure. The one-loop partition function for this theory is calculated and an extended version of it, that is related to generalized…
Crimped mineral wools are characterized by a strongly anisotropic microstructure, whose local preferential orientation is highly heterogeneous. It is proposed to identify the local anisotropic elastic behavior through a combination of different tools based on image analysis. First, the local orientation map is determi…
The very potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is widely used as a mild anaesthetic for mothers in delivery work in Sweden. As a part of the Stockholm County Council environmental program it was decided in 2002 that the emissions should be drastically reduced. Different ways were theoretically evaluated, and cat…