Materials Literature
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Abstract Since 1963, production of all epoxy esters has ranged from 60 to 150 million lb annually, a steady 7% of the 1 to 2 billion lb of annual plasticizer production. Growth rates in production averaged 4.3% for all plasticizers, 3.8% for all epoxy esters and 5.0% for epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). ESBO accounted f…
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used as a complementary in situ technique for electrochemical measurements in order to investigate five structurally related N‐heterocyclic molecules on copper. Their different abilities to act as corrosion inhibitors are discussed in view of structural information obt…
When Clostridium cellulolyticum was grown with cellulose MN300 as the substrate, the rates of growth and metabolite production were found to be lower than those observed with soluble sugars as the substrate. At low cellulose concentrations, the growth yields were equal to those obtained with cellobiose. The main ferme…
Replication functions of a bacteriophage P1 miniplasmid are carried on a 1.2-kilobase pair (kb) segment that can be subdivided into a 245-base pair (bp) replication origin and a 959-bp region that encodes a protein required for replication (RepA). The origin region contains five 19-bp direct repeats. By using primer e…
Two effects are of outstanding importance for the mechanical behaviour of polymer-additive mixtures, (a) the plasticizer effect and (b) an effect, which we shall refer to as the “β-suppression” effect: Additives can suppress the secondary (β-) relaxations of the polymer. The β-suppression effect is studied on a number…
Steadily growing, spatially periodic, two-dimensional cellular interfaces with groves up to 15 times longer than their wavelength are calculated by a novel finite-element method applied to the solutal model for solidification that includes diffusion in the solid. The deep cells are formed by either continuously decrea…
Gas phase and surface phenomena responsible for etching polyimide in O2–CF4 rf plasmas have been investigated. The dependence of the etch rate of polyimide on the relative concentrations of these two gases was compared with data from optical emission spectra, mass spectra, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). T…
The cathodic properties of a number of stainless steels, which were exposed to natural seawater flowing at 0 to 2.5 m/s and polarized to potentials from –300 to –950 mV SCE, have been studied. The current density development at constant potential and the free corrosion potential during the exposure time were recorded…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDielectric relaxation of liquid crystalline polyacrylates and polymethacrylatesRudolf Zentel, Gert R. Strobl, and Helmut RingsdorfCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 5, 960–965Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue…
The microstructures of several centrifugally cast stainless steels containing strong carbide formers (Nb, Ti, and Zr) have been examined as cast and after prolonged creep in the range 800–1000°C. These additions refine the eutectic carbide, changing the morphology and composition as illustrated by the behaviour of IN…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic fluoroalkoxylation via direct displacement of a nitro or fluoro groupJohn P. Idoux, Mark L. Madenwald, Brent S. Garcia, Der Lun Chu, and John T. GuptonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 11, 1876–1878Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published o…
High inrush currents and unbalanced supply voltages are two of the major causes for failure of polyphase induction machines. While thyristor voltage controllers, sometimes called static starters, are in widespread use to limit damaging inrush currents, little attention has been paid to the use of these controllers to…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxochromium compounds. 1. Synthesis and properties of .mu.-oxo chromium-iron porphyrin and phthalocyanine compoundsDavid J. Liston, Brendan J. Kennedy, Keith S. Murray, and Bruce O. WestCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 10, 1561–1567Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Public…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic properties and zero-field splitting in high-spin manganese(III) complexes. 2. Axially ligated manganese(III) porphyrin complexesBrendan J. Kennedy and Keith S. MurrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 10, 1557–1560Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication Histo…
Certain polymerization reactions show the formation of medium molecular weights at the beginning of the reaction, although they can be considered to be polycondensations. The principle of equal reactivity of the end groups is not given in this case. Intermediates more reactive than the monomer are formed during the re…
An extensive experimental program has been conducted on intumescent systems where the components have been varied systematically. Small plates were coated with the various formulations, exposed to a heat source typical of aviation fuel fires, and the temperature-time history of the substrate recorded. Concurrently, a…
Abstract The degree of substitution (DS) and distribution of O‐acetyl groups of water‐soluble cellulose acetate (CA) were investigated by 13 C‐NMR. For this purpose, three different series of CA samples with low DS were prepared by respective homogeneous reaction, i.e., (1) deacetylation of cellulose triacetate (CTA)…
Transmission and reflection spectra in the range 0·4 to 4·1 eV have been obtained for NaxWO3 thin films as a function of x up to 0·2, and the influence of grain size has been investigated. The data were refined to yield the absorption coefficient and the real part of the dependence of refractive index on photon energy…
(1985). Degradation of Poly[vinyl Fluoride] and Poly[vinylidene Fluoride] Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 227-275.
Abstract Direct methods for determining the electrostatic force of interaction between molecularly smooth mica plates are compared with a less direct method (osmotic pressure) of determining the forces between particles (flat plates) in a colloidal dispersion. It is shown that macroscopic surfaces and particles exhibi…