Materials Literature
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Polarized single crystal absorption spectra and luminescence spectra of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$-doped ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{GeO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}$${\mathrm{SiO}}_{4}$ are presented and discussed. The absorption spectra are analyzed using the angular overlap model (AOM). The agreement between the experi…
Experimental evidence is presented to verify the quantitative predictions of interfacial defect theory as applied to strain relief in epitaxial PbTiO3 thin films through the formation of 90° domains. Epitaxial PbTiO3 thin films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on MgO(001), SrTiO3(001), LaAlO3(001), and…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of this research was to obtain diesel particle size distributions from a 1988 and a 1991 diesel engine using three different fuels and two exhaust control technologies (a ceramic particle trap and an oxidation catalytic converter). The particle size distributions fro…
We have investigated the magnetic structure of an insulating lightly doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ with x=0.04,0.125, and 0.17 with neutron scattering technique and bulk magnetization measurements. The magnetic structure of the x=0.04 sample…
The decrease in Young's modulus after mechanically loading particulate-filled composites serves as a measure of the fraction of debonded filler particles. For composites based on plasticized rubber and fine ammonium perchlorate these effects have been studied for various stresses and for both varying amounts and parti…
The foaming tendency of a 30 weight % solution of diethanolamine (DEA) in distilled water was measured over a temperature range of 20-85°C and a pressure range of 1-3 MPa in the presense of a number of contaminants including carboxylic acids, oils, 1-4 bis (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine (HEP), methanol, iron sulphide, si…
Abstract We investigated the miscibility windows in the blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with chemically modified styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers such as α‐methyl styrene/acrylonitrile (α SAN), α‐methyl styrene/methacrylonitrile (MSMAN). The blends of PVC with α SAN were found to have the broader miscibilit…
Previous studies showed that residual compressive stresses induced by thermal tempering retarded the growth of surface cracks in bilayered porcelain disks. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to determine whether thermal tempering by air blasting reduces the length of cracks induced by microhardness indentat…
The annealing behaviour of an Al–6 wt-%Ni alloy containing a dispersion of second phase particles has been studied. It is shown that for a particle diameter of 0·3μm, annealing takes place by extended recovery. However, for a particle diameter of 1·7 μm, discontinuous recrystallisation occurs. The relationship between…
Abstract Die Verbindungen Rb 2 Mn 3 Se 4 , Cs 2 Mn 3 Se 4 , Rb 2 Mn 3 Te 4 und Cs 2 Mn 3 Te 4 wurden durch Umsetzungen von Alkalimetallcarbonaten mit Mangan oder Mangancarbonat und Chalkogen in einem mit Chalkogen beladenen Wasserstoffstrom erhalten. Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen ergaben, daß alle Verbindungen isotyp…
Long-term prediction of localized corrosion of high-level nuclear waste container materials is a necessary step in the performance assessment of the engineered barrier system. Localized corrosion of corrosion-resistant materials may occur if the containers are exposed to chloride (Cl–)-containing ground water at eleva…
Abstract In this article, a Monte Carlo simulation is presented, which generates the equilibrium director field of a nematic liquid crystal under the influence of an external field and fixed boundary conditions. The liquid crystal is characterized by a set of directors on a spatially fixed lattice. The simulation is b…
Abstract The particle size distribution of crystalline solids has progressively become a key parameter in manufacturing processes, as important as chemical purity. Among the particle size determination and counting systems available on the market, very few offer the possibility of continuous in situ monitoring of the…
Radical copolymerization of N-methylmaleimide (MeMI) as well as other N-alkylmaleimides (RMI) and isobutene (IB) was carried out with 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator at 60°C. The initial rate of the copolymerization (Rp) was dependent on the monomer composition and was maximum at the 40 mol % of MeMI in…
Electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy, band-structure calculations, polarization-voltage measurements, and charge injection experiments are used to show that ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{2+}$ ion displacements are critical to the ferroelectric behavior of Pb(Zr,Ti)${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The displacements of the ${\mathrm{Pb}}^…
Abstract Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor both molecular interactions and concentrations of volatile organic chemicals adsorbed on a commercial montmorillonite. Chemicals tested included propanoic acid, hexanal, heptanal, trimethylamine, dimethylsulfide and dimethyldisulf…
UNLABELLED: Metal chelate ions are commonly used in medical diagnostic imaging as MRI contrast or imaging agents. The efficacy of these metals depends on their in vivo behavior, which in turn depends on their in vivo speciation. METHODS: A computer model has been used to simulate the speciation of Ga3+ and Gd3+ in blo…
The staging phase transitions which occur during the intercalation of lithium in graphitic carbons were probed by in situ x-ray-diffraction and electrochemical methods. Turbostratic disorder (a random rotation or translation between adjacent graphene layers) in graphitic carbons (heat treated above 2200\ifmmode^\circ\…
A review is presented of the stabilisation of type 430 ferritic stainless steels, and the benefits and shortcomings of stabilizing elemental additions on the corrosion and mechanical properties discussed. Recent trends have been towards the use of dual stabilisation, or a combination of stabilising elements, and these…
The equations of dissipative particle dynamics for a linear harmonic chain are deduced from first principles. From the original chain, a coarse-grained chain is constructed by grouping the particles in clusters; the equations of motion for the position and momenta of these clusters are derived. The clusters interact w…