Materials Literature
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Abstract A large independent operator in Mobile Bay, Gulf of Mexico was experiencing a buildup of common and exotic scales where the produced waters are commingled. The scale species encountered included barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, and lead sulfide. Traditionally, scale inhibitor chemistries have not been used in th…
In Part I we reported experimental results obtained from isothermal stress relaxation tests of electroplated Cu thin films with and without a passivation layer and deduced grain-boundary and interface diffusivities based on a kinetic model. Here in Part II we describe the detail of the model, which is based on couplin…
The addition of Ga to bcc α-Fe increases the magnetostriction of Fe in the [100] direction (a factor of 12 for Fe81Ga19). The effect of annealing highly textured polycrystalline Fe81.6Ga18.4 rods under compressive stresses of −100 and −150MPa for 10–100min at temperatures between 625°C and 635°C was examined. After an…
Go with the flow: Liquid inorganic salts formed by a combination of inorganic substances (for example, nanoparticles such as SiO2 and Fe2O3 or polyoxometalates) with organic liquid salts (see picture: A− is poly(ethylene glycol) sulfonate ion, —N+ is C3H6N+(CH3)(C10H21)2) combine the characteristics of both components…
The interaction of water vapor with carbon nanotubes at room temperature has been investigated using Fourier transform (FT) IR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. FTIR data indicate that water molecules adsorb on single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature. Comparison to previous stud…
This article reports the magnetocaloric effect in a single crystal Pr0.63Sr0.37MnO3, which undergoes a very sharp ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition at ∼300K. A large magnetic entropy change of 8.52J∕kgK and a large adiabatic temperature change of 5.65K for an applied field change of 50kOe were observed ar…
Clusters of self-interstitial atoms are formed in metals by high-energy displacement cascades, often in the form of small dislocation loops with a perfect Burgers vector. In isolation, they are able to undergo fast, thermally activated glide in the direction of their Burgers vector, but do not move in response to a un…
Biogenic silica production occurs at mild conditions with greater control of pore size, shape, and micropatterning than is possible with typical industrial sol−gel methods, providing inspiration for potential alternative routes to silica synthesis. Researchers have implicated the amine moieties, histidine and polylysi…
Aqueous solutions of Au colloids (12 +/- 4 nm size) when treated with a blend of mono- and dithiols aggregate forming stable clusters, as evidenced by the shift of their surface plasmon (SP) band from 512 to ca. 600 nm. The presence of carboxylate ester functions on the dithiol allows its cleavage by addition of a cle…
Recent studies on Cu interconnects have shown that interface diffusion between Cu and the cap layer dominates mass transport for electromigration. The kinetics of mass transport by interface diffusion strongly depends on the material and processing of the cap layer. In this series of two papers, we report in Part I th…
Spiraling into control: Single and double nanohelices of cadmium sulfide (CdS) are produced from growth on a self-assembled organic template. Nucleation and growth of CdS on one side of the twisted ribbon-like template leads to single helices of polycrystalline CdS, while nucleation and growth on both sides of the rib…
The Li-Mg-N-H system composed of 3 Mg(NH2)2 and 8 LiH reversibly desorbs/absorbs approximately 7 wt % of H2 at 120-200 degrees C and transforms into 4 Li2NH and Mg3N2 after dehydrogenation. In this work, the mechanism of the hydrogenation reaction from 4 Li2NH and Mg3N2 to 8 LiH and 3 Mg(NH2)2 was investigated in deta…
In Ni2MnGa (cubic structure of L21 type) a first order martensitic structural transition, from the parent cubic (austenitic) phase to a low temperature complex tetragonal structure, takes place at TM=202K, and ferromagnetic order in the austenitic phase sets at TC=376K. In this work, the Mn sites in Ni2MnGa have been…
It is demonstrated here that an already ideal exchange–spring magnet can be further improved by intermixing the interface. This is counter-intuitive to the general expectation that optimal exchange–spring magnet behavior requires an ideal, atomically coherent soft–hard interface. Epitaxial Sm–Co/Fe thin-film exchange–…
An efficient scheme for evaluating the critical temperatures of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic crystals with multiple sublattices is presented. The approach is based on a pairwise Heisenberg Hamiltonian and a random-phase approximation (Tyablikov's decoupling) for magnon Green's functions. The pai…
Reichlich Metall: Ein großes Cu20-Polyoxowolframat mit hoher Symmetrie wurde mithilfe des Templateffektes synthetisiert. Das titelgebende Molekül (siehe Bild; W schwarz, Cu türkis, P gelb, Cl violett, O rot) ist ein Übergangsmetall-substituiertes Derivat von [H7P8W48O184]33− und enthält mehr paramagnetische 3d-Metalli…
We report the preparation, crystallization, and solid-state characterization of the first members of a new family of spiro-bis-(1,9-diamino-substituted-phenalenyl)boron neutral radicals. The crystal structures show that the three radicals are monomeric and without close contacts in the crystal lattice. In all cases ma…
The NaZn13-type compounds La(Fe1−xCox)11.9Si1.1 (x=0.04, 0.06, 0.08) were successfully synthesized, in which the Si content is the limit that can be reached by arc-melting technique. TC is tunable from 243 to 301 K with Co doping from x=0.04 to 0.08. Great magnetic entropy change ΔS in a wide temperature range from ∼2…
Transparent Pb0.9125La0.0975(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.976O3 ceramics (conventionally abbreviated as PLZT 9.75/65/35) is a typical relaxor characterized by the absence of the ferroelectric order at the macroscopic scale. In this letter, we report on the observation of complex polar structures on the surface of this material via…
Low-temperature transport measurements have been carried out on single-wall carbon-nanotube quantum dots in a weakly coupled regime in magnetic fields. Four-electron shell filling was observed, and the magnetic field evolution of each Coulomb peak was investigated. Excitation spectroscopy measurements have revealed Ze…