Materials Literature
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Abstract We propose a method and a system for counting secondary electrons and for displaying micrographs from the SEM in real time. Evaluating the images obtained by the new system, we confirm that electron counting images have a higher signal to noise ratio than analogue images. This tendency is remarkable when the…
Ferroelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) possess several characteristics which are desirable for high density volatile and nonvolatile memories including a high dielectric constant, high speed read/write capability, large remanent polarization, and long term data retention.
The purpose of this study was to characterize crack initiation and growth in notched titanium matrix composites at room temperature. Double-edge-notched or center-open-hole SCS-6/Ti-15-3 specimens containing 0° or both 0° and 90° plies were fatigued. The specimens were tested in the as-fabricated (ASF) and in heat-tre…
Abstract Two-dimensional geometry information contained in SAED spot patterns augmented with EDS elemental data is employed in a computerized phase identification of microcrystalline particles. The initial chemistry screening of a laboratory managed database using the 'bitmap' concept is followed by a geometry search/…
A model is presented for a multiwinding multiphase transformer developed by the nodal inverse inductance matrix (NIIM). To obtain the NIIM the inverse of the inductance matrix is needed. Due to the strong magnetic coupling among the windings, the inductance matrix of a transformer is ill-conditioned. A new way is desc…
A model involving ionic double layers at the surface has been constructed for magnesia‐doped sapphire based on earlier models which were developed for cubic halides. The model takes into account the presence of electrostatic potentials, isolated point defects, defect complexes, and special surface sites which can act…
The dynamic characteristics of externally pressurized, double-pad, circular thrust bearings with membrane variable flow compensation are analytically studied. Under static loads or load composed of a static and cyclic component, membrane compensation gives better overall performance characteristics than capillary (fix…
ある種のアシルグリセロールは微生物産生ポリ (3-ヒドロキシブチレート) (PHB) の優れた可塑剤として作用し, PHBのガラス転移温度 (Tg) を低下させ, 破断伸びを増加させた. 可塑剤として働く脂質は, アルキル鎖長の短い (炭素数5以下) トリアシルグリセロールやアルキル鎖長の長い (炭素数17程度) モノアシルグリセロールであった. 特に, グリセロールトリアセテートは優れた可塑剤であり, PHBに30wt%混合すると, ヤング率を1620MPaから280MPaまで低下させ, 破断伸びをS%から130%まで増加させた. その時, 脂質はPHBと相容し, 非晶部のPHB分子鎖の運動性を上げることを固体13C NMR解析…
The accuracy of elemental analysis by electron energy-loss spectroscopy depends on many factors, such as the concentration of the elements being analysed and the energies of the corre- sponding ionization edges. We discuss sources of inaccuracy in the acquisition and analysis of spectra, in the quantification procedur…
Abstract A simple formalism describing the non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics in cooling runs at small undercoolings is suggested. A general mathematical method for analyzing processes of non‐isothermal phase formation, accounting for the proper temperature course of the nucleation rate and of the linear growth v…
When laser-ablated and monitored by FTICR mass spectrometry, silver sulphide, selenide and telluride, and elemental mixtures of silver with selenium or tellurium, yield large silver chalcogenide cluster anions, including the series [Ag2n– 1En]–(E = S, Se, Te) with n⩽ 14.
In order to understand alloying effects on the corrosion resistance of titanium, polarization curve were measured at 343 K in both 10 mass% HCl and 10 mass% H2SO4 solutions with various Ti-M binary alloys (M=Al, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Co and Ni). The results were interpreted by using the bond order (Bo) obtain…
The effects of simulated weathering on the tensile strength, tear strength and abrasion resistance of four single-fibre and two blended fabrics are investigated by using the Weather-Ometer tester with xenon-arc exposure and a standard wetting procedure. Results show general similarity of behaviour with Individual vari…
Diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in fully annealed specimens of pure iron, Fe-(0.46∼5.17 at%)Al, Fe-(0.53∼5.06 at%)Si, Fe-(0.47∼7.67 at%)V, Fe-(0.40∼5.10 at%)Cr, Fe-0.35 at%Mn, Fe-(0.41∼4.79 at%)Co, Fe-(0.98∼5.16 at%)Ni, and Fe-(0.51∼3.35 at%)Mo alloys have been measured by the electrochemical permeation method betw…
Behavior of hydrogen in an austenitic stainless steel SUS316L was investigated by tritium transmission electron microscopic autoradiography.Distribution of silver grains in the autoradiograph obtained by the β-rays emitted from tritium in the specimen indicated that hydrogen was trapped by defects and precipitates in…
Semiconducting characteristics of oxide film on pure Zr, Zr-Sn binary alloy, and Zr-Sn-X (X: Fe, Ni, or Cr) ternary alloy were evaluated by a photo-electrochemical method to study the effects of alloying elements on the oxidation mechanism of Zr alloy in a boiling water reactor (BWR) environment. Oxide films of the al…
A series of isothermal investigations have been performed in static autoclaves at 623 K in both standard start of cycle coolant and a series of more concentrated lithium and lithium-boron solutions to simulate the environment which might result within a porous oxide due to hideout. In solutions containing 220 ppm of l…
The magnetic susceptibility of the dinuclear iron(III) complex [Fe2(bpmar)(H2O)4](NO3)4·3H2O {H2bpmar–4,6-bis[N, N-bis(2′-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-2-methylresorcinol}, in which the bridging ligand was designed by considering the topological relationship of the network of dπ spins to the bridging ligands, has indicat…
An appropriate evaluation technology of corrosion is essential for the development of precoated steels for automotive use. There are various test methods: field surveys, monitor car tests, proving ground tests, vehicle exposure tests, under- and on-vehicle tests, the Volvo test and laboratory tests. They are briefly e…
The amphiphilic porphinato zinc(II), i.e.[5, 10, 15,20-tetra{α,α,α,α,-o-[2′,2′-dimethyl-20′-((2″-trimethyl-ammonio) ethyl) phosphonatoxy octaneamido]phenyl}porphinato]zinc(II) complex (abbreviated to ZnP), was embedded in the liposomes of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). The electron-transfer reacti…