Materials Literature
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An experimental study on the dipole resonance of long high-conducting fibers embedded in an inhomogeneous composite sheet was conducted. The location of the resonance characterizes the effect of the inhomogeneous environment on the electromagnetic response of the fibers. It is shown that the resonance frequency is det…
This report presents the significant findings of a building performance team that investigated the structural damage sustained by the Pentagon after an airplane was crashed into it on September 11, 2001. The team, which was constituted on the day of the crash, reviewed available information on the structure, crash loa…
Molybdenum-doped indium oxide (IMO), an n-type transparent conducting oxide, was deposited using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The effects of oxygen concentration in an argon ambient and substrate temperature on film properties were studied. Compared to undoped indium oxide (In2O3) films, IMO films demonstrate…
Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is a noncontact and nondestructive optical technique for thin film characterization. In the past 10 yr, it has migrated from the research laboratory into the semiconductor, data storage, display, communication, and optical coating industries. The wide acceptance of SE is a result of its…
Thin films of a new transparent oxide semiconductor 12CaO·7Al 2 O 3 consisting of subnanometer‐sized cages (see Figure inset) have been fabricated, and their light‐induced insulator–conductor conversion is described. Proton implantation at a fluence of 1 × 10 18 cm –2 followed by UV‐light irradiation increases the ele…
We view the free energy of a diblock copolymer system as a variational problem, in which the integrand of the functional contains an interesting nonlocal term, and a small parameter \epsilon . We prove that as \epsilon approaches 0 , the energy minimizers develop a growing number, of the order \epsilon^{-1/3} , of per…
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to investigate molecular nitrogen and isolated nitrogen acceptors in single crystals of ZnO. These samples were grown by the seeded chemical vapor transport method with N2 added to the gas stream. A five-line EPR spectrum is observed at low temperature in the as-grow…
100% polar-axis (c-axis)-oriented epitaxial Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3 (PZT) thin films were grown and their large remanent polarization (Pr) was directly measured. Perfectly c-axis-oriented epitaxial PZT thin films were obtained on (100)cSrRuO3//(100)SrTiO3 substrates when the deposition temperature increased to 540 °C toget…
Our microscopic theory of entropic barrier formation and activated hopping for hard-sphere colloidal suspensions [K. S. Schweizer and E. J. Saltzman, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 1181 (2003), preceding paper] is combined with general statistical mechanical relations and a binary-collision-type model for the low-viscosity regim…
Using a simple non‐conjugated polymer host , blends with tetraphenylporphyrin complexes of ytterbium [Yb(TPP)L] have been used to construct near‐infrared‐emitting diodes in which the Yb(TPP)L serves as both the emitter and charge‐transport medium. The Figure shows the structure of Ln(TPP)L(OEt), and a simplified mecha…
Abstract The solid‐state polymerization (SSP) of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) has been studied and compared with that of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Because PTT and PET share the same SSP mechanism, the modified second‐order kinetic model, which has successfully been used to describe the SSP behavior…
The recently discovered extracellular poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) depolymerase PhaZ7 of Paucimonas lemoignei represents the first member of a new subgroup (EC 3.1.1.75) of serine hydrolases with no significant amino acid similarities to conventional PHB depolymerases, lipases or other hydrolases except for a pot…
The optical properties of Ge quantum dots embedded in Si were investigated by means of photoluminescence, with temperature and excitation power density as variable parameters. Two different types of recombination processes related to the Ge quantum dots were observed. A transfer from the spatially indirect to the spat…
Abstract An easy route for the synthesis of vanadium, zinc, magnesium, etc. complexes of new soluble symmetrical octa( m ‐trifluoromethylphenyl) or octa( m ‐trifluoromethylphenoxy) substituted 2,3‐naphthalocyanines {[( m ‐CF 3 Ph) 8 NcM] or [( m ‐CF 3 PhO) 8 NcM]} in good yields is described in detail. The structures…
This paper addresses the problem of dielectric breakdown in composite materials. The dielectric breakdown model was generalized to describe dielectric breakdown patterns in conductor-loaded composites. Conducting particles are distributed at random in the insulating matrix, and the dielectric breakdown propagates acco…
Electromigration tests on Cu dual-damascene interconnect tree structures consisting of straight via-to-via (or contact-to-contact) lines with an extra via in the middle of the line have been carried out. Like Al-based interconnects, the reliability of a segment in a Cu-based interconnect tree strongly depends on the s…
Pure metallic platinum nanocrystallites with uniform diameter, confined in the pore channels of mesoporous zirconia, have been synthesized by a new ion‐ exchange reaction followed by in‐situ reduction. Such a nanostructured platinum–zirconia mesoporous composite material is demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for…
Abstract Poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) composites incorporating various inorganic fillers (ifR‐PLA) were prepared by the melt blending technique, and their mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. The filler types influenced the mechanical properties of ifR‐PLA; for those incorporating particle‐ and whisker‐type f…
The inter-grain exchange-coupling interactions, effective anisotropy, and coercivity in nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α−Fe magnets were investigated. The effective anisotropy of nanocomposite magnets has been calculated starting from the statistics of boundaries between magnetically hard-hard, hard-soft, and soft-soft grains…
The global phase diagram of a system of charged hard spheres, composed of positive and negative ions of the same size, is obtained by means of computer simulations. Thermodynamic integration and Einstein crystal calculations are used to determine the free energies of the different possible solid structures. In this wa…