Materials Literature
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We present a detailed theoretical discussion of the fundamental mechanisms for dc field assisted optically induced space charge fields and molecular reorientation effects in nematic liquid crystal films. In fullerene C60-doped film, persistent director axis reorientation is observed, allowing the recording of holograp…
Summary Liede, S.: Cynanchum – Rhodostegiella – Vincetoxicum – Tylophora (Asclepiadaceae): new considerations on an old problem. – Taxon 45: 193‐211. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262. On the basis of morphological and chemical data, the genus Vincetoxicum is recognized as separate from Cynanchum. Tylophora is identified as the…
One-fold-coordinated atoms in a covalent network mechanically soften a network if it is overcoordinated, and conversely, mechanically stiffen the network if it is undercoordinated. They play no part in network rigidity if the network is optimally coordinated. These features follow directly from constraint theory and p…
An approximate quasi-static theoretical analysis is presented for the behavior of punch-impact-loaded metal plates. Based on the principle of virtual work, load-deflection relationships are first obtained and then used to predict the energy-absorbing capabilities of plates subjected to low-velocity impacts that cause…
Abstract Three commercial styrenic triblock copolymers were subjected to planar extension in a lubricated channel die, as a model for the orientation that may occur during processing operations. Materials that contain cylinders of polystyrene show a pronounced orientation of the cylinder axis in the flow direction, as…
Abstract Crosslinked N-(2-pyridylmethyl)chitosan, N-(2-thienylmethyl)chitosan, and N-[3-(methylthio)propyl]chitosan were newly synthesized. The amino group of the active adsorption site of chitosan was protected by Schiff’s base formation prior to being crosslinked by 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane. The final chitosan deriva…
In the present article, a convenient method for the direct measurement of the displacement current caused by electron trapping is developed to measure the trapped charge in insulators under electron beam irradiation from a scanning electron microscope. The trapping process during electron beam irradiation can be direc…
ZnO films have been grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using diethylzinc (DEZn) and H 2 O as reactant gases. Self-limiting growth occurred at substrate temperatures ranging from 105 to 165° C. Self-limiting growth was also achieved when the flow rates of DEZn and H 2 O were varied. It was found that the orientatio…
Steerable microstructures, i.e., catheters, are presented. They exploit the electromechanochemical phenomena of ir-electron conjugated conducting polymers occurring when ionic species are exchanged with the surrounding medium. In this paper we considered polypyrrole as conducting polymer and a fast ionic conductor sol…
Abstract Bubble instabilities observed in film blowing using four different polyolefins are discussed: high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polypropylene (PP). Special attention is given to the effect of the frost line height on the bubble stab…
Shape memory alloy (SMA) is regarded as one promising intelligent material element natively with thermo-sensor, shape memory actuator functions. A fundamental design concept for intelligent materials using SMAS is firstly proposed. Two types of composites which show some intelligent functional properties relating to t…
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the applicability of the metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) concept, previously developed in our laboratory, over wide ranges of two independent variables, carbonate content and crystallinity, and also to examine the influences of these variables on the MES behavior…
The stoichiometry of a series of low pressure chemical vapor deposition deposited SiOx films was determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by two different methods. The first, more traditional, method involved applying relative sensitivity factors to the integrated O 1s and Si 2p peaks, taking into consi…
Dynamical correlations of charged rodlike colloidal particles interacting via a Yukawa segment-segment potential are investigated using extensive Brownian dynamics computer simulations. The model and the parameters used in the simulations are particularly designed for aqueous suspensions of tobacco-mosaic viruses. Ove…
An off-lattice random-flight simulation procedure is described which accurately predicts the obstruction factors for self-diffusion of small molecules in macrofluids. The simulation procedure, employing a continuous step length distribution that ensures rapid and accurate convergence, was validated by comparison with…
The adduct of zeolites in intumescent formulations of thermoplastic polymers (additives: ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol) leads to a great improvement in their fire retardant performance. A classification of different groups (A, X, Y, Mordenite and ZSM-5) is presented. The influence of the physicochemical p…
Friction and wear of sintered alumina with grain sizes between 0.4 and 3 μm were measured in comparison with Al 2 O 3 /TiC composites and with tetragonal ZrO 2 (3 mol% Y 2 O 3 ). The dependence on the grain boundary toughness and residual microstresses is investigated, and a hierarchical order of influencing parameter…
The strength and fracture of a directionally solidified Y 3 Al 5 O 12 /Al 2 O 3 eutectic fiber were investigated. The fiber was grown continuously by an edge‐defined film‐fed growth technique. The microstructure was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy…
The magnitude of local stress applied to a polymer surface in the buffing process, which is a critical method to uniformly align liquid crystals for displays, has been evaluated from the polarizing optical microscopic investigation of nematic liquid crystals in contact with polyimide surfaces which were suitably buffe…
We report the formation of highly oriented rutile titanium dioxide films. Films of a primarily amorphous nature were grown on fused silica by rf reactive sputter deposition using a Ti target and rare gas (Ne or Ar)-O2 discharges. Post-deposition annealing was done at 350–1150 °C in air for 60 minute intervals, followe…