Materials Literature
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Recent achievements have been analysed in designing and application of shape memory alloys as high-damping elements, utilizing pseudoelastic hysteresis, transient damping effects in the two-phase state and damping capacity of the martensitic phase. Dealing with intrinsic damping capacity of martensitic phases, several…
The purpose of this paper is to define a low cycle fatigue criterion for NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) in order to perform numerical calculations necessary for designing structures made of SMA and subjected to cyclic loading. For this purpose, fatigue tests are performed in a temperature and deformation regime in wh…
A gradient index (GRIN) lens using a negative index of refraction material (NIM) has been designed and tested. The GRIN lens was fabricated using a NIM slab with a variable index of refraction perpendicular to the propagation direction. Ray tracing calculations based on the isotropic Eikonal equation determined the in…
Magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys or ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) materials discovered by Ullakko et al (1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 1966–8) have received increasing interest, since they can produce a large strain with rather high frequencies without a change in the external temperature. These materials have…
The complex arrangements of atoms near grain boundaries are difficult to understand theoretically. We propose a phenomenological (Ginzburg-Landau-like) description of crystalline phases based on symmetries and fairly general stability arguments. This method allows a very detailed description of defects at the lattice…
Miniaturized and cost-effective thermoelectric generators (TEG) scavenging energy from environment could potentially provide power autonomy to consumer electronic products operating at low power. For example, TEG mounted in a wristwatch have been used to generate electricity from human heat. The key point of IMEC's re…
A new, facile and generally applicable synthesis of functionalized gold nanoparticles is presented. It is based on the surfactant-free generation of weakly stabilized nanoparticles by the reduction of HAuCl4 with sodium naphthalenide in diglyme. These nanoparticles were found to lack long-term stability. However, stab…
The electrospinning technique was used successfully to fabricate one-dimensional arrays of Au nanoparticles within nanofibers in which the intrinsic nature of the semicrystalline polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was employed as a template for the controlled nanoscale organization of nanoparticles. Differential scann…
An ensemble Monte Carlo method is used to study the spin injection through a ferromagnet-semiconductor junction where a Schottky barrier is formed. It is shown that the Schottky-barrier-induced electric field which is confined in the depletion region and parallel to the injection direction, is very large. This electri…
A modified model of metal-semiconductor contacts is applied to analyze the capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics of metal-ferroelectric-metal structures. The ferroelectric polarization is considered as a sheet of surface charge situated at a fixed distance from the interface. The presumable high conc…
This article summarizes a roundtable discussion held at the 2005 Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA. The purpose of the roundtable was to review the current challenges and data needs for conducting toxicological and safety evaluations for nanomaterials, with the goals of presenting the current sta…
The stereoselective annealing conditions for polylactides to crystallize as α homocrystals ( T m = 180 °C) and/or higher melting temperature ( T m = 230 °C) η stereocomplex crystals are reported in this paper. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies provide evidence of the isotherma…
PEGylated Nb2O5 surfaces were obtained by the adsorption of poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) copolymers, allowing control of the PEG surface density, as well as the surface charge. PEG (MW 2 kDa) surface densities between 0 and 0.5 nm(-2) were obtained by changing the PEG to lysine-mer ratio in the P…
We numerically study the vibrations of jammed packings of particles interacting with finite-range, repulsive potentials at zero temperature. As the packing fraction $\ensuremath{\phi}$ is lowered towards the onset of unjamming at ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$, the density of vibrational states approaches a nonzero value i…
This paper reviews the extended Cauchy model and the four-parameter model for describing the wavelength and temperature effects of liquid crystal (LC) refractive indices. The refractive indices of nine commercial LCs, MLC-9200-000, MLC-9200-100, MLC-6608, MLC-6241-000, 5PCH, 5CB, TL-216, E7, and E44 are measured by th…
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the dissolution and migration of helium in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-iron, and the stability of small helium-vacancy clusters ${\mathrm{He}}_{n}{V}_{m}$ ($n$,$m=0$ to 4). Substitutional and interstitial configurations of helium are found to have similar s…
accumulation is very time-consuming when using full matrix leastsquare for larger problems.
Comparing the year ends of the last three triennia, 11728 journal pages were published in 2004, compared with 9215 in 2001 and 7937 in 1998. This increase in the number of pages has been accompanied by a major reduction in publication times for all sections of Acta Cryst., J. Appl. Cryst. and J. Synchrotron Rad. In th…
With the advent of the Structural Genomics initiatives, we have seen a host of new technologies emerge for automation of the tedious crystallization process. The latest robots and nanodispensers allow us to perform a larger number of crystallization screens faster with significantly less quantities of protein. There i…
Microstructure of metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Cu with Al 2 O 3 ) obtained by high-pressure torsion and its evolution with post annealing was studied by conventional powder diffraction in symmetric Bragg-Brentano geometry. This included evaluation of lattice parameters and texture but mainly line profile analysis in terms of b…