Materials Literature
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Because of the increase in the electronic density of states in low-dimensional systems, semiconductor quantum wires constitute a most promising thermoelectric material. We report here the first experimental observation of a very large enhancement of the thermoelectric power of composites containing bismuth nanowires w…
Abstract Nanoscale poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber (100–500 nm) aggregates were prepared with an electrospinning technique. Additionally, a chemical crosslinking method was used to crosslink the nanoscale PVA fiber aggregates. Differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron micro…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlastic Optical Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers Containing Lanthanide ComplexesKen Kuriki, Yasuhiro Koike, and Yoshi OkamotoView Author Information Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan, JST ERATO, Koike Photonics Polymer Project,…
Biochemical, crystallographic, and computational data support the hypothesis that electrostatic interactions are among the dominant forces in stabilizing hyperthermophilic proteins. The thermostable beta-glycosidase from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus (Ssbeta-gly) is an interesting model system for the s…
Generation of equilibrium configurations is the major obstacle for numerical investigation of the slow dynamics in supercooled liquid states. The parallel tempering (PT) technique, originally proposed for the numerical equilibration of discrete spin-glass model configurations, has recently been applied in the study of…
0.5 Pb[Yb1/2Nb1/2]O3–0.5 PbTiO3 thin films were deposited on (111) Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol–gel processing using a thin Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 seed layer. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the films were strongly (111) oriented, mimicking the orientation of the (111) Pt/Ti/Si…
An approach is proposed to develop recording materials for high speed phase change optical data storage. It utilizes a thin film alloy mixture between a stoichiometric GeSbTe alloy and an additive ternary telluride alloy. Selection rules for an additive alloy are suggested. For a test, (Ge1Sb2Te4)1−x(Sn1Bi2Te4)x thin…
We have heteroepitaxially deposited compositionally graded (Ba1−xSrx)TiO3 (BST) thin films with increasing x from 0.0 to 0.25 on (100)-oriented MgO substrates using pulsed-laser deposition. The compositional gradients along the depth in the graded films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. By…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Exhaust stream from automotives and trucks will be subjected to new and more stringent emissions standards. In the case of Diesel engine the lowering of carbon particulates emission (soot) is based on a filtration system in which trapped soot is periodically removed by controlled…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Advanced flow-reactor capabilities created at Cummins were applied to the study of the diesel particulate matter (soot) oxidation process. This approach complemented the on-engine studies with a number of important features, including accurate control of gas composition and soot l…
The magnetic anisotropy of (001) oriented La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films of thickness t=7–156 nm, deposited on LaAlO3 substrates, was measured by torque magnetometry in the temperature range T=10–300 K. For t⩾50 nm and H rotating out of plane the anisotropy Ku agrees well with shape anisotropy. For thinner films, Ku is reduced…
Based on a generalization of a capillary equation for solids, we develop a method for measuring the absolute value of grain-boundary stress in polycrystalline samples having a large interface-to-volume ratio. The grain-boundary stress in nanocrystalline Pd is calculated from x-ray diffraction measurements of the avera…
Homoepitaxy of SrTiO3 by pulsed-laser deposition has been studied using in situ time-resolved surface x-ray diffraction in the temperature range of 310 °C to 780 °C. Using a two-detector configuration, surface x-ray diffraction intensities were monitored simultaneously at the (0 0 12) specular and the (0 1 12) off-spe…
The ferroelectric and strain behavior of the Ba(Ti1−yCey)O3 solid solutions was studied. Three phase transition temperatures were shifted with increasing Ce concentration, and pinched at y=0.06. The samples could be structurally indexed by x-ray diffraction in a tetragonal symmetry at y⩽0.06; and in a pseudo-cubic sym…
A recent analysis by Pendry [J. B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)] shows that a dielectric slab with a dielectric constant ε=−1 can produce a perfect image in the electrostatic limit (c→∞), independent of the permeability μ, and therefore is a perfect lens. Here we include retardation effects and show how di…
The thermally induced recovery of microscopic deformation in a nickel–titanium shape-memory alloy was examined. Surface deformation was simulated by indenting the alloy in the martensite phase at room temperature using both spherical and pyramidal indenters. We show that deformation in spherical microindents can be al…
We present a phase field theory for binary crystal nucleation. In the one-component limit, quantitative agreement is achieved with computer simulations (Lennard-Jones system) and experiments (ice-water system) using model parameters evaluated from the free energy and thickness of the interface. The critical undercooli…
The atomic layer deposition of alumina using water and trimethylaluminum is investigated using the density functional theory. The atomistic mechanisms of the two deposition half-cycles on Al–CH3* and Al–OH* surface sites are investigated. Both half-cycle reactions proceed through the formation of an Al–O Lewis acid-ba…
We present quantum Monte Carlo calculations for various reaction pathways of H$_2$ with Si(001), using large model clusters of the surface. We obtain reaction energies and energy barriers noticeably higher than those from approximate exchange-correlation functionals. In improvement over previous studies, our adsorptio…
The devil's staircase is a term used to describe surface or an equilibrium phase diagram in which various ordered facets or phases are infinitely closely packed as a function of some model parameter. A classic example is a 1-D Ising model [bak] wherein long-range and short range forces compete, and the periodicity of…